- Iindawo ezininzi ezihlala kuzo kunye nemozulu zichonga ukuba isifo sephepha sezilwanyana siyaqhubeka nanini na phakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle nezilwanyana.
- Iintlobo ezifana neenyamakazi kunye neengulube zasendle zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudluliseleni izilwanyana, kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nobuninzi bezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezifanelekileyo.
- Iimozulu ezomileyo kunye nokufudumala kwamanzi abandayo kukhuthaza ukubonakala kwezifo kwizilwanyana nakubantu, ingakumbi ezo zidluliselwa ngamanzi.
- Amaqhinga okulawula kufuneka adityaniswe, adibanise impilo yezilwanyana, ulawulo lwezilwanyana zasendle, ulawulo lomhlaba, kunye nokuhlolwa kweenkqubo zamanzi ngemichiza.
Indlela imozulu eyila ngayo uluntu lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo Inempembelelo enkulu kakhulu kunokuba siqhele ukucinga xa sithetha ngezifo ezabelwana ngazo phakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle, imfuyo, kunye nabantu. Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho iinyamakazi, iihagu zasendle, iinkomo, kunye nezinye izilwanyana zihlala khona, utshintsho oluncinci kubushushu, ukufuma, okanye ukufumaneka kwamanzi kunokwenza umahluko phakathi kokuba nesifo silawulwa kwaye sibe yintloko ebuhlungu rhoqo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kugxilwe kakhulu indlela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nolwakhiwo lweendawo ezininzi ezihlala kuzo Zinegalelo ekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezinzima ezifana nesifo sephepha sezilwanyana okanye izifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi. Ingcinga yokuba ukujonga uhlobo olunye kwanele ukulawula imeko iphelelwe lixesha: ngoku siyazi ukuba okwenzekayo sisiphumo senethiwekhi yokusebenzisana phakathi kweentlobo kunye nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
Isifo sephepha sezilwanyana njengesifo sezilwanyana esintsonkothileyo kwiinkqubo ezinabantu abaninzi
Isifo sephepha sezilwanyana (TB), esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zeMycobacterium tuberculosis complexIseyingxaki enkulu yezempilo nezoqoqosho kwiifama ezininzi zemfuyo kwi-Iberian Peninsula nakwezinye iindawo ezineemeko ezifanayo. Ayisiyonto ilula yosulelo oluxhomekeke kwindawo enye yokugcina izilwanyana, kodwa yi-zoonosis ehlala ihleli ngenxa yokusebenzisana kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingqongileyo.
Kangangexesha elide, iinkqubo zolawulo bezigxile kakhulu inye okanye ezimbini "zeenkwenkwezi" ezihlala abantu, ikakhulu iinkomo kunye nezinye iintlobo zasendle Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo zeMeditera apho iinyamakazi, iihagu zasendle, imfuyo eninzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo zihlala khona, le mbono ilula ayichazi ngokwayo ukuba kutheni esi sifo sinamathela kwiindawo ezithile.
Kule mihlaba, Izilwanyana zabelana ngamadlelo, imithombo yamanzi, iindawo zokutya, kunye neendawo ezivalekileyo.Oku kwandisa amathuba okunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo phakathi kweentlobo zezilwanyana, kwaye ngenxa yoko, amathuba okusuleleka. Le meko ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nendlela ye-One Health, egxininisa ukuba impilo yezilwanyana, impilo yendalo, kunye nempilo yabantu zidibene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa.
Umsebenzi wakutshanje ngu Iqela loPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neBiotechnology (SaBio) le-IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM)Olu phando, kunye nezinye iziko eSpain nasePortugal, luthathe inyathelo elingaphezulu kweli cala. Endaweni yokuvavanya nje indima yeentlobo ezimbalwa zezilwanyana, bazimisele ukuhlalutya indlela lonke uluntu lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nemozulu yendawo ezichaphazela ngayo ukuqhubeka kwesifo sephepha sezilwanyana kwindawo ephakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle nezilwanyana.
Utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokucinga kolu phononongo kukutshintsha ukusuka ekuthetha "ngabamkeli ababalulekileyo" ukuya ekuthetha "ngoluntu olugcina izinto zicocekile"Ngamanye amazwi, simele siyeke ukucinga ukuba ukuchonga nje unobangela oyintloko kwanele ukuphelisa i-TB size siqale ukuqonda ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi, xa zidibene, ezigcina ukujikeleza kwegazi kwindawo ethile.
Ukusuka kumzekelo omnye okanye emibini yomninimzi ukuya kwingcamango "yoluntu olugcina izinto zicocekile"
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokujonga nokulawula isifo sephepha sezilwanyana Le ndlela idla ngokugxila ekujongeni iinkomo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, uhlobo oluphambili lwasendle olufana nenyamakazi okanye ihagu yasendle, kuxhomekeke kummandla. Le ndlela isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ukulawula ezi zilwanyana zimbalwa kuyaphula umjikelo wokudluliselwa kwesifo.
Nangona kunjalo, inyani kwi-ecosystems yase-Iberia iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: I-TB igcinwa ngenxa yeentlobo zezilwanyana ezisebenzisanayoenendima ezahlukeneyo kwi-epidemiology yosulelo. Ezinye iintlobo zisebenza njengeendawo zokugcina amanzi zokwenyani, ezinye "njengeebhulorho" zokudlulisela phakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nemfuyo, kwaye ezinye zisebenza njengezalathisi zokujikeleza kwesifo kuloo ndawo.
Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki, iqela lophando lihlalutye Iindawo ezili-18 ezinabantu abaninzi ezisasazeke kulo lonke elaseSpeyin nasePortugalEzi ndawo zaziquka iindibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana zasendle ezingaphilanga, iinkomo, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezabelana ngomhlaba kunye nezixhobo, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sibone indlela i-TB etshintsha ngayo xa ulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu lutshintsha.
Ukuqokelelwa kolwazi ngezilwanyana zasendle kwenziwe ngu ukufotaLe ndlela ibandakanya ukufaka iikhamera ezizenzekelayo ezisebenza ngentshukumo okanye ubushushu, ezikwaziyo ukurekhoda ubukho kunye nomsebenzi wezilwanyana ngaphandle kokuziphazamisa. Oku kuvelise umfanekiso ochanekileyo wobuninzi beentlobo ngeentlobo kunye nendlela ezisasazwa ngayo esibhakabhakeni.
Ukongeza kwidatha yezilwanyana zasendle, oku kulandelayo kwafakwa iirekhodi zempilo yeenkomo (iziphumo zamaphulo okucoca ucoceko, ukubakho kokuqhambuka kwesifo sephepha, njl.njl.) kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziguquguqukayo kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi ezinxulumene nemozulu (amaqondo obushushu, imvula, ukoma, ukufuma) kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi kwindawo leyo.
Ukulawula olu xinano lwezinto ezinxulumeneyoAbabhali basebenzise imodeli ye-structural equation, isixhobo esiphucukileyo sezibalo esivumela uhlalutyo ngaxeshanye lwendlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo enye kwenye kwaye sahlula phakathi kweziphumo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo kwisiphumo, kule meko, ukugcinwa kwesifo sephepha sezilwanyana.
Indima yeenyamakazi, iihagu zasendle kunye nokwahlukahluka kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo kwisifo sephepha sezilwanyana
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezithatha inxaxheba ekugcinweni kwesifo sephepha ngendlela efanayo.Ezinye zinempembelelo enkulu kakhulu ekuqhubekeni kwesi sifo, ngelixa ezinye zidlala indima yesibini, nangona zingabalulekanga ekuqondeni amandla enkqubo iyonke.
Phakathi kwabo bonke, Inyamakazi ebomvu (iCervus elaphus) ivelele njengomntu ophambili kwisifo sephepha sezilwanyana. kwiinkqubo ezihlalutyiweyo. Ubuninzi bayo, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukunxibelelana kwayo (ukulula kwayo ukuhamba nokunxulumana nezinye iintlobo kunye nezinye iintlobo) kubonakala ngathi kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokuqhubeka kwesifo kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye neenkomo.
Inyamakazi, ekubeni iyisilwanyana esihlala singahlalisani esisebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo ezifanayo nemfuyo enkulu (amanzi, amadlelo, izondlo ezongezelelweyo), iba yinkunzi i-node esisiseko kwinethiwekhi yothumeloApho kukho amaqela amaninzi eenyamakazi adibeneyo, isifo sephepha sidla ngokuqhubeka lula kwaye sidlulele kwimfuyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ingulube yasendle (iSus scrofa) isebenza njenge "thermometer" ebalaseleyo yokujikeleza kwegazi kwesifo sephephaAyisoloko ixhasa esi sifo ngokwayo kuzo zonke iimeko, kodwa usulelo lwayo lubonisa ngokuthembekileyo ubukho bentsholongwane kuluntu lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Xa iihagu zasendle zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kuthungelwano loqhagamshelwano—umzekelo, kwiindawo apho izixhobo ziqokelelene khona—igalelo lazo ekusasazeni liyakhula kakhulu.
Olu phononongo lukwabonisa ukuba ukuhlukahluka kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nobutyebi beentlobo ezikwaziyo ukugcina usulelo Ezi zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Okukhona iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukuhlala kunye kuluntu olunye, kokukhona amathuba okuba, nokuba enye yazo iyawa okanye ilawulwa kancinci, ezinye ziya kuqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komjikelo wokudluliselwa kwesifo sephepha.
Ngokukodwa, iimodeli zibonisa ukuba inani elikhulu leentlobo zezilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukusebenza njengabagcini beendawo zokugcina izintoOkukhona kunzima ukuqhawula uthotho losulelo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba iinkomo ziqhubeke nokuchaphazeleka, nokuba kukho amanyathelo okulawula aqatha uhlobo olunye.
Esinye isici esibalulekileyo nesingaphezulu yile ukufumaneka kwamanzi kulo mmandla kunye nendlela elakha ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwendawo zizilwanyana ezanyisayoImithombo yamanzi yendalo okanye eyenziweyo isebenza njenge "indawo ezishushu" zokunxibelelana phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, inceda ukudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo (ngokusondelelana ngokwasemzimbeni) kunye nokudluliselwa okungathanga ngqo (ngamanzi, udaka okanye isiseko esabelwana ngaso).
Indlela imozulu echaphazela ngayo ukuqhubeka kwesifo sephepha sezilwanyana
Ngaphandle kokuba ngubani ababuki zindwendwe, Imozulu izisa umaleko ongezelelweyo wobunzima kwi-TB dynamicsAkufani nokuzama ukuphelisa esi sifo kwindawo enomswakama enamanzi amaninzi njengoko kufana nokuzama ukuphelisa esi sifo kwindawo eyomileyo neshushu apho amanzi anqongopheleyo kwaye kukhuphisana kakhulu.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba imozulu eyomileyo, kunye nobutyebi obukhulu bezilwanyana zasendle ezikwaziyo ukuhlala kuzoEzi meko zibangela umngeni wokwenene ekupheliseni isifo sephepha kwiinkomo. Phantsi kwezi meko, ukungabikho kwamanzi kunyanzela izilwanyana zasendle kunye nemfuyo ukuba zibuthane kwiindawo ezimbalwa zokusela amanzi, amachibi, okanye imithombo yamanzi eyenziweyo.
Olu xinzelelo luvelisa iimeko eziphezulu zoxinano lwezilwanyana kwiindawo ezincinciEzi meko zilungele ukuba intsholongwane ijikeleze ngokulula: zonyusa ukudibana ngqo phakathi kwempumlo nempumlo, ungcoliseko lomphezulu, kunye nokutshintshiselana kwencindi kunye nendle kwindawo enye. Konke oku kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okudluliselwa kwe-arhente ebangela i-TB.
Ubumanzi bunokunceda ukusinda kwendalo kwezifo ezithile kwiindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi okanye ezinodaka ezijikeleze imithombo yamanzi enqabileyo, kugcinwa indawo yokugcina indalo ehambelana nendima yezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba ukufuma okungqongileyo kubonakala ngathi yinto enefuthe elithile lokukhusela nxamnye nesifo sephepha kwiinkomo. Kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu kunye nemithombo yamanzi esasazeke kakhulu kulo lonke ilizwe, ubuninzi bezilwanyana kwindawo enye yamanzi buphantsi, nto leyo enciphisa inani labantu abadibana nabo abanobungozi.
Oku akuthethi ukuba i-TB ayikho kwiindawo ezinemozulu efumileyo, kodwa kuthetha ukuba Iimeko zokunyamezela kunye nokudluliselwa ngamandla kwemfuyo azilungelanga kangako. kunakwiindawo ezirhabaxa apho uluntu lutyebile kakhulu kwiindawo zasendle. Ekugqibeleni, imozulu ilawula ukuphindaphindeka kunye nobunzima bokudibana kwezilwanyana, kwaye ke ngoko, umngcipheko we-epidemiological.
Iziphumo zokufuya imfuyo, impilo yezilwanyana kunye nomngcipheko wezilwanyana ezizalwayo
Ukuqonda indlela imozulu kunye nokwakheka kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezichaza ngayo isifo sephepha sezilwanyana akusiyonto nje yokufunda: Inemiphumo emihle kakhulu kulawulo lwemfuyo nakwimpilo yoluntu., ingakumbi kwimimandla yasemaphandleni exhomekeke kwimveliso ebanzi.
Kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni aseIberia, apho zihlala khona imozulu eyomileyo kunye nenani elikhulu leendwendwe zasendleUkupheliswa kwesifo sephepha seenkomo kuye kwabonakala kunzima kakhulu. Amaphulo okuphelisa imfuyo agxile kakhulu kwimfuyo aphikisana rhoqo nenyani yezilwanyana zasendle ezosulelekileyo kunye neemeko zendalo ezikhuthaza ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Le meko ayidali nje ingxaki yempilo yezilwanyana, kodwa ikwadala impembelelo enkulu kwezoqoqosho kwiifama zemfuyo, ezijongene nemiqathango yokuhambahamba, ukuncama okunyanzelekileyo kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene novavanyo lokuxilonga, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo lwebhayoloji kunye nokulahlekelwa yimveliso.
Ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu, isifo sephepha sezilwanyana sisifo sezilwanyana, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isifo esinokudluliselwa, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ebantwiniNangona iinkqubo zokuhlola nokulawula zinciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko, okukhona usulelo luqhubeka rhoqo kwizilwanyana, kokukhona amathuba okuba abantu bachaphazeleke, nokuba kukutya iimveliso zezilwanyana ezingalawulwa kakuhle okanye ngokusondelana kwiimeko ezithile zomsebenzi.
Isifundo esiphambili esifunyenwe kolu phando kukuba ukusebenza kwimfuyo kuphela, ngaphandle kokudibanisa ulawulo lwezilwanyana zasendle okanye iimpawu zemozuluEli licebo elingaphelelanga kwaye lidla ngokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umgudu kunye nezixhobo ezityalwe ekucoceni iinkomo zinokuthintelwa kakhulu ukuba uluntu lwasendle kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ziyaqhubeka nokuxhasa intsholongwane.
Ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe phambili amaqhinga adibeneyo adibanisa impilo yezilwanyana, ulawulo lwezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nolawulo lomhlabaOku kuthetha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphonononga ulawulo lweendawo zamanzi, ukucinga ngokutsha ngokuzingela okanye iindlela zokutya ezongezelelweyo ezikhuthaza ubuninzi babantu abathile abamkela izilwanyana, kunye nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yeenkonzo zempilo yezilwanyana ngokusondeleyo kunye nabo banoxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lwezilwanyana zasendle.
Imozulu, amanzi, kunye nosulelo oludluliselwa kwiinkqubo zobonelelo lwasekhaya
Impembelelo yemozulu kwizifo ezosulelayo ayipheleli nje kwi-TB phakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle nemfuyo. Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukwatshintsha indlela izifo ezithwalwa ngamanzi ezisasazeka ngayo kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi asekhaya., enefuthe elithe ngqo kwimpilo yabantu.
Kwi-Fight Against Infections Foundation, iqela eligxile kwi- usulelo olukhulu lweebhaktheriya Ingqwalasela ibikukunyuka kobushushu bamanzi abandayo asekhaya. Ngokweengxelo, imilinganiselo yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba kangangesiqingatha sonyaka (malunga nokusukela ngoJuni ukuya kuNovemba), ubushushu bala manzi buhlala budlula ama-20°C, xa kufanelekile ukuba buhlale bungaphantsi kwaloo mda.
Oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kudala imeko-bume efanelekileyo yokukhula izifo ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neprotozoaPhakathi kwazo kukho iLegionella, intsholongwane ekhula kakuhle kakhulu emanzini afudumeleyo kwaye inokufumana indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwiindawo zasekhaya nasezidolophini ukuba amanyathelo okuthintela afanelekileyo akathathwa.
Utshintsho lwemozulu nalo lubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwiipateni zemvulaamaxesha emvula enkulu etshintshana kunye nembalela ende. Iimvula ezinkulu zinokubangela izikhukula ezithwala amanzi amdaka kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ziye kwimithombo yamanzi okusela, ngelixa imbalela inciphisa umthamo wamanzi akhoyo kwaye igxile kwizinto ezingcolisayo ezikhoyo.
Xa zizonke, konke oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwiinkqubo zobonelelo lwamanziEzi nkqubo sele zifuneka kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu kunye notshintsho ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi. Olu xinzelelo longezelelweyo lubeka umgangatho wamanzi ofikelela emakhaya emngciphekweni ukuba iinkqubo zokubeka esweni nezonyango aziqiniswanga.
Ubushushu bamanzi abandayo, iintsholongwane ezibangela ukonakala kwendalo, kunye nezixhobo ezintsha ezinobungozi
Ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu kunye nokwanda kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane emanzini bubonakala ngakumbi kwimeko iibhaktheriya ezifana nezo zibangela i-legionellosis okanye i-mycobacteria ethile yokusingqongileyoEzi zinto ziphilayo zamva nje, ezinokubangela usulelo olukhulu kubantu abasengozini, zisebenzisa ithuba lokubakho kwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ukuze zande.
Ezinye iibhaktheriya ezibangela izifo ziyafuneka izixhobo zokukhulisa amandla zebhayoloji ezifana ne-algae kunye ne-protozoa ukuzala ngempumelelo. Ezi microorganisms zisebenza njengohlobo lokuphephela kunye nomzi-mveliso ngaxeshanye: iintsholongwane zihlala ngaphakathi kuzo, zizuze kwiindlela zazo zeselula, ngaloo ndlela zikwazi ukusinda kwaye zande kwiimeko ebezingayi kuba ntle kangako.
Xa ubushushu bamanzi abandayo busanda, ukwanda kwezi zinto zikhulisayo kuyanda, kangangokuba Inani leebhaktheriya ezinokuba yingozi liyanda ngokukhawuleza kwiinkqubo zokusasaza. Ngale ndlela, abantu basengozini enkulu yosulelo, ingakumbi ukuba amanzi adibana nenkqubo yokuphefumla ngendlela ye-aerosols.
Umngcipheko uyanda xa amanzi edlula amachibi endalo ukuya kwiindawo zokusasaza ezivaliweyonjengeenethiwekhi zemibhobho, iitanki, okanye iisekethe zokupholisa. Kwezi nkqubo, iimeko zomzimba nezekhemikhali (ubushushu, izondlo, ukungabikho kwe-biofilms) zinokuba zilungele ukuba iintsholongwane zikhule ukuba akwenziwanga ulondolozo olufanelekileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukufudumala kwamanzi kukhokelele ekubeni izixhobo ezintsha ezithathwa njengezinobungozi ziyavela ezazingacingelwanga kangako ngaphambili. Ngokwembali, ukubeka esweni kugxile kakhulu kwiinqaba zokupholisa kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ashushu ezintsonkothileyo kwizakhiwo ezinkulu. Ngoku, kufuneka kongezwe izixhobo ezifana neetonela zokuhlamba iimoto, iilori zokucoca izitalato kunye nokumanzisa, kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zikawonke-wonke ezivelisa ii-aerosols.
Uninzi lwezi zixhobo, ezazingathathwa njengezibalulekileyo ngaphambili, ziye zaba imithombo enokubakho yokusasazeka kwamanzi angcoliswe ziintsholongwane Oku kungenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokungabikho kolawulo oluthile lwezinto eziphilayo. Oku kufuna ukuba kwandiswe uvavanyo lomngcipheko oluhambelana nothungelwano lwamanzi kwizixeko nakwiidolophu.
Ukunyuka ngokubanzi kobushushu obuphakathi kunemiphumo imithombo yamanzi abandayo angaphandle kunye nezinye iindawo zokubonelela uluntuNjengoko amanzi eshushu, aba yindawo efanelekileyo kwiintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye ne-protozoa, nto leyo enyanzelisa ukuba kuphinde kucingwe ngokutsha ngemigaqo eqhelekileyo yokubulala iintsholongwane, ukugcinwa, kunye nohlalutyo lomgangatho.
Ngamaxesha obushushu obugqithisileyo, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini kuyakhawuleza, nto leyo enceda ukwanda kweentsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo okhoyo ngokuphuma komphungaOku kwandisa uxinano lwezinto ezingcolisayo. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokosuleleka ngamanzi ukuba amanyathelo okuthintela akaqiniswanga.
Imingeni emitsha yokubeka esweni nokuthintela imeko yemozulu etshintshayo
Umfanekiso odweliswe zezi zifundo, kwicandelo lesifo sephepha sezilwanyana kunye nelo usulelo olusasazeka emanzini ebantwiniIkhomba kwisigqibo esifanayo: utshintsho lwemozulu kunye noluntu oluhlala abantu abaninzi lufuna ukuba kucingwe ngokutsha indlela izifo ezosulelayo ezijongwa kwaye zilawulwa ngayo.
Kwelinye icala, kwiinkqubo zezolimo nezemfuyo apho isifo sephepha sixhaphakileyo khona, akwanelanga ukuqinisa izikrufu kwiinkomo. Kubalulekile ukuyila iinkqubo ezigxile kuluntu lonke lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nolwakhiwo lwendalo.Ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezisebenza njengeendawo ezibalulekileyo zokusasaza, indlela ukoma, ukufuma kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi okuchaphazela ngayo imeko, kunye neendawo ezikuloo mmandla ezinengozi enkulu.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, umzekelo, Hlaziya uyilo kunye nolawulo lweendawo zamanzi ezabelwana ngazo phakathi kwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nemfuyo, bahlole umda onokubakho wobuninzi beentlobo ezithile zasendle kwiindawo apho kukho ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kwesifo sephepha kwaye baqinise ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabaphathi bezilwanyana zasendle, abalimi bemfuyo kunye nabasemagunyeni bezempilo ukuze amanyathelo ahambelane kwaye ahambelane, angaphikisani.
Kwelinye icala, kwiindawo zasezidolophini nezasekhaya, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu bamanzi abandayo kunye notshintsho kwiipateni zemvula kufuna uphuhliso iiprotokholi ezintsha zokujonga iintsholongwane kwiinkqubo zokusasazwaKungekuphela nje kwiinethiwekhi zamanzi ashushu kunye nezokupholisa zemveli, kodwa nakwiizixhobo zonke ezibonwa njengemithombo enokubakho yee-aerosols ezingcolileyo.
Iingcali ziyacebisa ukulungelelanisa nokwandisa amaqhinga okuthintela usulelo olusasazeka emanziniUkunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiintsholongwane ezifana neLegionella, i-mycobacteria yokusingqongileyo, kunye neentsholongwane ezingabilisiyo (umz., iPseudomonas aeruginosa kunye neAcinetobacter). Oku kunokuguqulela ekuhlolweni rhoqo, ukuphuculwa koyilo lweziko, utshintsho kwiinkqubo zokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye noqeqesho oluthile lwabasebenzi bokulungisa.
Kwicandelo lezenzululwazi, amaqela ophando agxile Usulelo olukhulu lweentsholongwane luye lwabangela ukuba kudalwe iindawo zengxoxo nohlaziyo., njengokuboniswa kwamaphepha athile kwiingqungquthela ezikhethekileyo, kuquka ne-ESCMID Congress of Clinical Microbiology, ngenjongo yokwabelana ngolwazi, amava kunye nezixhobo zokujongana nezi meko zintsha zomngcipheko ezinxulumene nemozulu.
Bonke obu bungqina kunye nezi ziphakamiso zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nendlela ye-One Health, esikhumbuza ukuba Impilo yabantu, impilo yezilwanyana, kunye nempilo yendalo zizinto ezintathu ezifanayoImozulu, uluntu oluhlala abantu abaninzi, kunye neziseko zophuhliso esizakhayo ziphakathi kwezi zinto, kwaye indlela esifunda ngayo ukuzilawula iya kuqinisekisa kakhulu amandla ethu okulawula izifo ezosulelayo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Kwimeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukwanda kobumanzi kwiindawo ezininzi, kunye notshintsho olukhulu kwiindawo zasendle kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ezidolophiniUkuqonda olu nxibelelwano phakathi kwemozulu, izidalwa ezihlala apho, kunye nezifo ezibangelwa zizifo kuyayeka ukuba yinto yokunethezeka yezemfundo kwaye kuba yimfuneko esebenzisekayo: kuphela ngokudibanisa ulwazi lwendalo, lwemozulu, kunye nolwazi lwempilo apho kuya kwenzeka khona ukuyila amaqhinga okulawula asebenzayo ngakumbi akhusela ngaxeshanye ukusebenza kwemfuyo ebanzi, impilo yeendawo zasemaphandleni, kunye nokhuseleko lwempilo lwabantu.