Iingxilimbela zamandulo: Megaloceros giganteus
El I-Megaloceros giganteus, eyaziwa ngokuba yinyamakazi enkulu yaseIreland, lolona hlobo lwaziwayo lwexhama elikhulu. Yayihlala kwixesha lePleistocene e-Eurasia, ukusuka eIreland ukuya empuma yeSiberia naseTshayina. Esi silwanyana sikhulu sasinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-700 kunye ne-1000 yeekhilogram kwaye sineempondo ezithandekayo ezinokufikelela kwi-3,5 yeemitha ubude. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wesi silwanyana, ngendlela emangalisayo!
Noko ke, ngaphezu kobukhulu balo, eyona nto yayibangel’ umdla kakhulu kwizazinzulu yayikukunyamalala kolu didi. Nangona ezona zizathu zihlala ziyingxoxo-mpikiswano, uninzi lweengcali zicebisa ukuba indibaniselwano yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye noxinzelelo lokuzingela oluvela kubantu bamandulo bekunokukhokelela ekubhangisweni kwesi sigebenga sePleistocene.
Iimpondo: Isakhiwo esinomdla
Enye yezona zininzi eziphawulekayo amaxhama amakhulu ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayiziimpondo zawo ezinkulu. Ngokungafaniyo neempondo zezinye izilwanyana, iimpondo zexhama ziyaphalala kwaye ziphinde zikhule ngonyaka ngamnye, inkqubo ebonakala idityaniswa neemeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nemeko yempilo yesilwanyana.
Ezi zakhiwo zenziwe ngezinto ezifana namathambo ethu kwaye zagqunywa ngoluhlu lwesikhumba olubizwa ngokuba yi "velvet." Iimpondo zazisetyenziswa ngamadoda ukulwa ngexesha lokukhwelana, ebonisa amandla kunye nempilo yomntu ngamnye. Ukongeza, benza umsebenzi owoyikisayo ngokuchasene namarhamncwa anokubakho.
I-Megaceroides algericus: Isigebenga saseAfrika
Olunye uhlobo lwexhama elikhulu elifanele ukukhankanywa yiMegaceroides algericus, eyayihlala eMntla Afrika ngexesha lePleistocene. Esi silwanyana sinomdla ngakumbi xa kujongwa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zalo mmandla, ezazahluke kakhulu kwezo zaseYurophu naseAsia.
I-Megaceroides algericus yayincinci kancinane kunomzala wayo waseYurophu, kodwa yayingancumisi kangako. Ikwanazo neempondo ezinkulu, nangona ezi zazingenamasebe amancinci kunalawo asemantla e-Eurasia.
Ibhayoloji kunye ne-ecology yamaxhama amakhulu
Nangona iintlobo zamaxhama zanamhlanje zinokusinika umbono wendlela ezaziphila ngayo ezi zigebenga zamandulo, kukho umahluko omkhulu. Ekubeni zazizizilwanyana ezitya utyani, zazisitya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, eziquka amagqabi, amasebe, nengca.
- Las iindlela zokufunda of amaxhama giant ziquka uhlalutyo iifosili kunye nothelekiso kunye neentlobo zangoku.
- Iifosili zezi zilwanyana ziye zafunyanwa ikakhulu kwimigxobhozo nakwimigxobhozo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zaziza kuhlala kwindawo efana nale siyifumana namhlanje.
Ngelishwa, njengoko ezi zidalwa zingasekhoyo, kukho ulwazi olulinganiselweyo esinalo. Noko ke, kusoloko kukho ithuba lokufumana ubungqina obutsha obuya kubhala kwakhona oko sikwaziyo ngezi zidalwa zibangel’ umdla.
Ilifa lexhama elikhulu
Nangona ixhama elikhulu laphela kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, ilifa labo lihlala kwiintlobo zethu zangoku zamaxhama kunye neelk. Ezi ntlobo zanamhlanje zinokuthi zingabikho ubukhulu bezihlobo zabo zakudala, kodwa ezininzi ziye zazuza njengelifa leempondo ezinkulu.
Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yazo yebhayoloji, ixhama elikhulu likwanefuthe lenkcubeko. Iifosili zayo ziye zachulumancisa izizukulwana zezazinzulu nabathandi bendalo, yaye iye yaba a uphawu lomfuziselo yezilwanyana eziphelileyo zePleistocene. Enyanisweni, ukufunyanwa kweenyamakazi ezinkulu kunye nezinye i-megafauna zangaphambili kunokukhuthaza abantu bayo yonke iminyaka ukuba bafumane kwaye baxabise ihlabathi elimangalisayo le-paleontology.