Le yeyona dinosaur incinci ehlabathini efumaneka eBurgos

ulwazi lwezilwanyana » Insectos » Le yeyona dinosaur incinci ehlabathini efumaneka eBurgos

I-Sierra de la Demanda ibuyisela iiBurgos kwimephu yehlabathi ye-paleontology ngokuboniswa kwe idinosaur encinci etya utyani efunyenwe kwindawo yaseVegagete, kufutshane kakhulu neVillanueva de Carazo. Olu hlobo lutsha, olubizwa ngokuba yi I-Foskeia pelendonum, iye yaqatshelwa njenge idinosaur encinci ye-ornithopod echazwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ephawulekayo kwingxelo yamandulo yaseYurophu.

Kude nomfanekiso oqhelekileyo we-colossi enkulu yeJurassic, esi silwanyana sinokulingana neengalo zakho: Yayinobude obuphakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-60 kwaye yayingadluli kwiisentimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama. kwaye ukhakhayi lwayo lwalumalunga neesentimitha eziyi-5,5. Nangona incinci, iingcali zigxininisa ukuba olu luvumbululo olubaluleke kakhulu kwezesayensi, ngenxa yomzimba wayo obalaseleyo kunye nefuthe elinalo ekuqondeni uphuhliso lweedinosaur ezitya utyani eYurophu.

Ukufunyanwa kwiVegagete okubhala ngokutsha imbali yee-ornithopods

Ukufunyanwa kwe I-Foskeia pelendonum iqale ngo-1998, xa kumbiwa izinto ezikwi Indawo ye-Vegeta archaeological Bavumbulule inani elikhulu lamathambo amancinci. Umsebenzi onzima weSalas Archaeological and Paleontological Collective (CAS) wabavumela ukuba bafumane amathambo amalunga nama-800 asele efile kangangeminyaka emininzi.

Ngokutsho kweqela, Malunga nama-350 ala mathambo anikwe ngokukhuselekileyo ubuncinane abantu abathandathu abahlukeneyo., ukususela kwabaselula ukuya kwabakhulileyo. Yonke into ibonisa ukuba bakha umhlambi omncinci owawuhamba njengeqela kulo mmandla malunga neminyaka eyi-125 yezigidi eyadlulayo, embindini isiqingatha sokuqala seCretaceous.

Iifosili zigcinwe kakuhle, nangona Uninzi lwazo lubonakale luqhekekile kakhulu kwaye luluncinci kakhuluOku kwawenza nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wokuchonga nokwakha ngokutsha i-anatomical. Nangona kunjalo, umgudu uye waphumelela: namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukulandelela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba esi silwanyana sasinjani kwaye sithatha indawo enjani kumthi weedayinaso ozivelelayo.

Uphononongo oluchaza olu hlobo lukhokelwa yingcali ye-paleontologist UPaul-Émile Dieudonné, umphandi ovela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseRío Negro (eArgentina), esebenzisana neMyuziyam yeeDinosaur yaseSalas de los Infantes kunye nososayensi abavela kwiiyunivesithi zaseArgentina, eBrazil, eSpain naseBelgium. Lo msebenzi upapashwe kwijenali ekhethekileyo Amaphepha kwiPalaeontologynto leyo enika umbono wempembelelo efunyanwa yile nto kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.

Idayinaso encinci kwiqela layo: imilinganiselo "encinci"

Idatha efunyenwe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zamathambo isenza sikwazi ukufumana umbono ocacileyo wobungakanani besi silwanyana. Ikhaka, elimalunga neesentimitha ezi-5,5 ubude, lithwese isithsaba somzimba ongaphantsi kweesentimitha ezingama-60 ubude.enobude obuqikelelwayo obungaphantsi kweesentimitha ezingama-30 xa ikwindawo yokuma. Ngokwesiqhelo, yayingaphantsi komlinganiselo wobukhulu bayo efana neyemvundla enkulu okanye inja encinci kakhulu.

Ezi ndawo zibala I-Foskeia pelendonum njengaye i-ornithopod encinci kakhulu eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngokuIi-ornithopods liqela elahlukeneyo kakhulu lee-dinosaur ezitya utyani, ukusuka kwiintlobo ezikhanyayo nezikhawulezayo ukuya kwiintlobo ezinkulu. Kwimeko enjalo, i-herbivore encinci evela kwiBurgos iphawula umda ophantsi owaziwayo weqela.

Iintsalela ezihlalutyiweyo zibonisa ukuba Ezi azizo iisampulu eziselula zeentlobo ezinkulu.kodwa endaweni yezilwanyana ezathi, xa zikhulile, zahlala zincinci kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ubungqina buvela kwizifundo ze-histological zamathambo, ezibonisa abantu abadala abanomzimba omncinci ofanayo.

Enye into engaqhelekanga yile Amalungu angasemva abonisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye abonakala ebhityile kakhulu kubantu abadala.Olu lwakhiwo lubonisa ukuba isilwanyana asizange senzelwe ukubaleka imigama emide, kodwa senzelwe ukuba sisebenze ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza okufutshane ukuya kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo xa kwavela irhamncwa elundini.

Ukhakhayi olubanzi, amazinyo angasemva anamandla, kunye nendlela yokuhlafuna engaqhelekanga

Ukuba kukho into enye ethe yatsala ingqalelo yabaphandi, yikhakayi. Imo yayo iyonke yahluke kakhulu kwezinye ii-ornithopod dinosaurIbanzi ngakumbi ngasemva kwaye inomhlathi oqinileyo, olungiselelwe ukuqinisa izihlunu ezinamandla zokuhlafuna.

Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lubonisa ukuba Amazinyo angaphambili emlonyeni mancinci kakhulu kwaye awasebenzi kakuhleAmacandelo angaphambili makhulu kwaye ayilwele ukumelana namandla amaninzi okutyumza, ngelixa amacandelo angasemva eyilwele ukwenjenjalo. Olu dibaniso lujolise eku indlela entsha yokuhlafuna, ehlengahlengiswe kwimifuno enobunzima obuthilento leyo eyayiza kuvumela isilwanyana ukuba sisebenzise ukutya okunokutya okunokufunyanwa lula kwezinye izilwanyana ezitya utyani kwindawo esikuyo.

Enye into ephawulekayo kukungabikho kwe-rhamphotheque: Foskeia Yayingenazo izigqubuthelo eziqhelekileyo ezinjengomqala ekupheleni kwempumlo yayo.ifana nomlomo weentaka zanamhlanje, ezinazo ezinye ii-ornithopods. Amathambo aliqela ekhakayi nawo ayabonakala, iimpawu ezizodwa ze-anatomical nto leyo eqinisa ingcamango yokuba sijongene nomnombo owahlukileyo kakhulu kwiqela.

Kwabo banolwazi nge-paleontologists, olu didi lwezinto—amazinyo angaphambili anciphileyo, ibhetri yamazinyo angasemva enamandla, kunye nomhlathi ophucuke kakhulu—lubonisa ukuba Isilwanyana ngesasikwazile ukuhlawula ubunzima baso ngokuhlafuna kakuhle kakhulu.Ngale ndlela ingakwazi ukucubungula izityalo ngendlela eqinileyo, mhlawumbi ikwabelane ngenkqubo yendalo nezilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani ezitya ezinye iintlobo zezityalo.

Umsebenzi onzima wokwakha kwakhona ukhakhayi, ngeengceba ezinobukhulu obuziimilimitha, ube ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu yophando. Iingcali kwakufuneka zihlanganise iziqwenga ezincinci ngokungathi yiphazili enamacala amathathu., into eyathatha iminyaka emininzi de kwafunyanwa imodeli ethembekileyo yokwakheka komzimba.

Ukusuka kwi-biped ukuya kwi-quadruped: utshintsho lwegiya ngokweminyaka

Ngaphaya kwekhakayi, el isifundo se-femur kwaye amalungu atyhile indlela engaqhelekanga yokuhambahamba kwiidayinaso. Abaphandi batolika loo nto Iisampuli ezincinci kakhulu zishukume ngemilenze emibini, ngelixa abantu abadala babenesimo sengqondo sokuma esifana nese-quadrupedal.

Olu tshintsho lobomi—ukusuka kwi-bipedal ukuya kwi-quadrupedal ngokukhula—yenye yezona zinto zibangele umdla kakhulu. Idatha ibonisa ukuba, njengoko isilwanyana sikhula, Ubungakanani bomzimba wabo batshintsha, kwaye imilenze yabo yangaphambili yaba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ubunzima babo.Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nokuzinza okukhulu xa usondla kufutshane nomhlaba kunye nendlela esebenza kakuhle yokuhamba nomzimba ophuhlileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Uhlalutyo lweefemur ezininzi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ezihambelana nabantu abaneminyaka eyahlukeneyo, luvumele ukuchongwa indlela imo yethambo eyayitshintsha ngayo ngexesha lokukhulaLe patheni iqinisa ingcamango yotshintsho oluqhubekayo kwindlela yokuhamba, endaweni yokutshintsha kwezinto ngokulula.

Abaphandi bakwabonisa ukuba Imilenze yomntu omdala yayimide kwaye ibhityile.Oku kuhambelana nengcamango yesilwanyana esikwaziyo ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kodwa singenawo amandla okusebenza ixesha elide. Kwindawo enezinto ezinkulu ezizingelayo, olu didi lobukhulu obuncinci kunye nesantya esiphezulu sasinokuba ngundoqo ekusindeni kwaso.

Olu lwazi malunga nohambo lwe- Foskeia Ikwanayo nesiphumo esibanzi: isimema ukuba siphinde sicinge ngendlela IiRhabdodontids zeLate Cretaceousezithi kude kube ngoku zidla ngokuchazwa njengeedinosaur ezinee-bipedal. Olu phononongo lutsha lubonisa ukuba mhlawumbi bezine-quadrupedal ubomi bazo bonke.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweerhabdodontids kunye nengxoxo ngePhytodinosauria

Ixabiso lesayensi le I-Foskeia pelendonum Idlula kakhulu ubukhulu bayo. Olu hlobo luthathwa njengekhonkco elidala ekuveleni kweerhabdodontids, iqela leedayinaso ezitya utyani ezaziphila kwiLate Cretaceous, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-80 ne-65 yezigidi eyadlulayo, ikakhulu eYurophu.

Kude kube ngoku, ii-rhabdodontids bezithathwa njengeziyobisi "umnombo wephantom"Abameli babo bamva nje babesaziwa kakhulu, kodwa ulwazi ngookhokho babo lwalungekho. Uhlobo olutsha oluvela kwiBurgos, oluvela kwiminyaka eyi-125 yezigidi., igcwalisa inxalenye yeso sithuba kwaye inceda ekulandeleni imvelaphi ecacileyo yeqela.

Le dinosaur incinci ikhokelele ekuhlolweni kwakhona kweengcinga zakudala malunga nobukhulu beerhabdodonts. Kangangeminyaka bekuphikiswana ukuba ubukhulu bazo obuncinci bubangelwa iinkqubo ze-strip dwarfismezinxulumene neenkqubo ze-ecosystem ezinezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo. Nangona kunjalo, inyaniso yokuba Foskeia, indala kakhulu, nokuba incinci, ixhasa ingcamango eyahlukileyoEzi dinosaur beziza kuqala kwiintlobo ezincinci zaza zanda ngobukhulu kwiminyaka ezizigidi, kwimeko yoxinzelelo oluncinci oluvela kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo.

Umsebenzi kaDieudonné kunye neqela lakhe uquka Olunye lolona hlalutyo lubanzi lwe-phylogenetic olwenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiidinosaur ze-ornithischianKolu phononongo kuvela isindululo seqela elitsha, elibizwa ngokuba I-Rhabdontiaeziquka ezi zilwanyana ezitya utyani kwaye apho Foskeia ithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa mhlawumbi eyona ngongoma iphikisanayo kweli nqaku kukuba ibuyisela kwakhona ingcamango yePhytodinosauria cladeNgokwesi sindululo, iidinosaur ezitya utyani—ii-ornithischians kunye nee-sauropods—ziya kunxulumana ngokusondeleyo kunezinye i-carnivorous theropods. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubuza ulwahlulo lwakudala phakathi kwama-saurischian kunye nama-ornithischian, ebesoloko elawula amashumi eminyaka kwiincwadi ze-paleontology.

Ababhali bayayigxininisa loo nto idatha ebonelelwe ngu I-Foskeia pelendonum sinyanzele ukuba siphinde siyiqwalasele ngokunzulu loo ngcamango indalaOku kubonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweedinosaur ezitya utyani kunye nezitya inyama kwisiseko seqela leDinosauria. Nangona ingxoxo ingekapheli, idinosaur encinci yaseBurgos iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwingxoxo yesayensi ephezulu.

IBurgos kunye neSierra de la Demanda, "iJurassic Park" kwinqanaba laseYurophu

Ukufunyanwa kwe I-Foskeia pelendonum Asiyomeko yodwa. Iintaba zaseSierra de la Demanda ngoku zineentlobo ezintathu zeedinosaur ezichazwe ngokusesikweni. kwiifosili ezifunyenwe kulo mmandla: uhlobo olutsha, i-sauropod Demandasaurus darwini kunye nesigebenga Europatitan eastwoodi.

I-Demandasaurus Ithathwa njenge-rebbachisaurid yokuqala echazwe kwi-northern hemisphereI-sauropod ye-diplodocoid yexesha leCretaceous, yavula ifestile entsha yolu hlobo lwedinosaur eYurophu. Okwangoku, I-Europatitan ichazwe njenge enye yezona dayinaso zinde kakhulu ifunyenwe kwilizwekazi, kuqikelelwa ukuba ubude bayo bufikelela kwiimitha ezili-16, ubude bayo buziimitha ezingama-27 kwaye ubunzima bayo buziitoni ezingama-35.

Kunye nabo, oku kulandelayo kuchongiwe nakwiindawo ezikuloo ndawo ezinye iifosili ezikhethekileyo, njengecikilishe IArcanosaurus ibericus, ufudo lwakudala Laraechulus morla okanye ii-ichnites ezikhethekileyo kakhulu, phakathi kwazo imizila yeenyawo echazwe a Iniestapodus burguensis kunye nemizobo emangalisayo yomfanekiso wendoda egama lingu-"Attila".

Zonke ezi ziphumo zikhokelele abaphandi abaninzi ekubeni babhekisele kulo mmandla njengo iBurgos yokwenyani "iJurassic Park", indawo apho iidinosaur zihlala khona rhoqo ngenxa yejografi yale ndawo kunye nomsebenzi oqhubekayo wamaqela ezenzululwazi kunye namavolontiya.

Iziko lemithambo-luvo yalo msebenzi yi Imyuziyam yeDinosaur yaseSalas de los Infantes, equlethe uhlobo lwe-holotype I-Foskeia pelendonum kunye nenxalenye enkulu yezinto zamandulo ezifunyenwe eSierra de la Demanda. Nangona inkulu kwaye inemida yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, imyuziyam iye yaba umlinganiselo wehlabathi jikelele wokufunda iCretaceous yaseYurophu.

Iprojekthi yesayensi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezifikelela kumazwe ngamazwe

Inkcazo I-Foskeia pelendonum ihambelana ne Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-25 seSalas de los Infantes Dinosaur Museum, yavulwa ngo-2001. Ukususela ngoko, eli ziko liqokelele iingqokelela, iiprojekthi kunye nentsebenziswano namaziko avela kwihlabathi liphela, de lazihlanganisa njengesiseko sesayensi entliziyweni yendalo yasemaphandleni.

Umlawuli wemyuziyam, UFidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor, uye wagxininisa izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba Iingcali ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ziya eSalas ukuze zifunde ezi fosiliBeqinisekile ngokubaluleka kwazo ekuqondeni ukuvela kweedayinaso eYurophu, bachaza ukuba kwasekuqaleni kwakucacile ukuba amathambo eVegagete ayekhethekile ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo kunye nobukhulu bawo obuncinci.

Nangona kunjalo, le projekthi ijongene nemingeni emikhulu. Izibonelelo ezikhoyo ngoku zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingagcina zonke izixhobo ngokwaneleyo.Kwaye ezinye izinto ezifunyenweyo ezinokufunyanwa ngamandla, ezifana nezo zaseTorrelara, ziye zaphazanyiswa kukunqongophala kwemali. Amaziko asekuhlaleni agxininisa kwimfuneko yokuba kubekho umgudu oqinileyo wokusebenzisa ubuchule besayensi kunye nabakhenkethi bale ndawo.

KwiHolo yeDolophu yaseSalas de los Infantes kunye neendawo ezikufutshane nayo, iziphumo ezifana nezo Foskeia Zikwangumthombo wokuzingca ngokuhlangeneyoZibonisa ukuba iprojekthi eqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, exhaswa kakhulu yimizamo yeqela elincinci kunye nokuzinikela koluntu, inokubeka idolophu enabemi abangaphantsi kweshumi lamawaka kwi-ajenda ye-paleontology yamazwe ngamazwe.

Uhlobo olutsha, olubizwa ngalo lisikhumbuza AmaPelendones, isizwe samaCeltiberian esasihlala kula mazweIkwaqinisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwelifa lendalo nelembali lommandla, idibanisa imbali yejoloji neyabantu kwibali elinye.

Ngayo yonke loo nto, incinci I-Foskeia pelendonum Ibe luphawu lobutyebi obukhethekileyo be-paleontological baseBurgos naseSierra de la DemandaIdayinaso enobukhulu obufana nesilwanyana esincinci sasekhaya, kodwa inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuguquka kwezilwanyana ezitya utyani, ivula kwakhona iingxoxo zakudala malunga nokuhlelwa kweedayinaso, kwaye iphinda igxile kuphando lwamazwe ngamazwe kwikona yasemaphandleni aseSpain apho iifosili ezininzi zisenebali lazo lokuzixelela.