I-Carnotaurus yayiyi-dinosaur edla inyama owayehlala kwixesha leCretaceous eyadlulayo phakathi kwe-72 kunye ne-69 yezigidi zeminyaka. Igama layo lisuka kwisiLatini kwaye lithetha "Inkunzi Edla inyama", kwaye igama layo lathiywa kuyo ngokuba yinyama edla inyama enombono osikhumbuza ngenkunzi yenkomo ngenxa yeempondo zayo ezimbini. Inye kuphela indidi kuhlobo lwayo eyaziwa ngayo, iCarnotaurus Sastrei. Indawo yayo yejografi iya kuba phakathi kweCampanian kunye neMaastrichtian, ngoku eyiSouth America.
Yayiyidayinaso eyomeleleyo neyoyikekayo, kwaye njengeTyrannosaurus yayineengalo ezincinci, nangaphezu kweRex. Le nyaniso ibonisa ukuba ngaphambili bebenokusetyenziselwa ukubamba ixhoba elithile mhlawumbi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwasonjululwa kwiingalo ezincinci nezincinci. Isiganeko sendalo yendalo, apho ukuba into ethile ingasetyenziswanga, igcinwe nje okanye iyancipha kancane kancane, ifana ne-appendix kubantu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha kwakhona malunga ne-anatomy yeCarnotaurus, indlela yayo yokuzingela, i-skull yayo ephawulekayo, kunye nezinto ezinomdla ezijikeleze le carnivore inamandla.
Carnotaurus Anatomy
I-Carnotaurus yayiyeyosapho lwe-Abelisauridae, i-ceratosaurian theropod dinosaurs. Wayemalunga neemitha ezi-3 ubude. ubude obuphakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-9 yeemitha, yaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ubunzima bayo buphakathi kwe-1 ne-35 yeetoni. Into ebilindelwe ngaphambili ngayo kukuba inokuba yayisisidlwengu esoyikekayo, kodwa uphononongo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo iveze ukuba ibibulala kakhulu kunokuba bekurhanelwa ngaphambili. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseAlberta bafumanisa ukuba imisipha yakhe yangasemva yayinkulu kwaye yomelele kakhulu.
Isihlunu esikhulu se-caudofemoral sasine-tendon enkulu eqhotyoshelwe kumathambo angaphezulu emilenze yayo. Oku kwamenza enye yeembaleki ezinkulu phakathi kweedinosaur ezifunyenweyo. Kwelinye icala, la mandla esantya, ngokutsho kokulinganisa kwekhompyuter, anokubonwa kuphela ngelixa ebaleka ngendlela ethe tye, kuba ukuqina apho umsila ubuya kuba nzima ukuba ujike.
Iimpawu zolusu ezifunyenwe kwicala lasekunene leCarnotaurus zityhila ii-osteoderms ukuya kwi-5 yeesentimitha ngokuhambelanayo ukuya kumbindi wayo womzimba. Into efana neengwenya, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ulusu lwazo beluya kuba rhabaxa kwaye lungqindilili. Ukongezelela, yayiyi-dinosaur yokuqala eneentsalela zesikhumba se-fossil, esele yahluliwe kwezinye i-theropods, i-Carnotaurus. Yayingabonisi bungqina beentsiba okanye nayiphi na imicu.
Intloko
Ngenxa yobukhulu bobukhulu bayo, Yayinentloko encinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iidinosaur ezizingelayo.. Yayiziisentimitha ezingama-60 ubude, kwaye yayimxinwa kakhulu. Impumlo yayo, kwelinye icala, yayinkulu kakhulu, nto leyo elandela ukuba yayiza kubonisa imvakalelo yokuvumba. Amehlo alo, akhuselwe kakuhle ziziseko zamehlo, ajonge phambili, eyinika umbono ofanelekileyo webhayinotyhula kwaye mhlawumbi nombono onzulu, into engaqhelekanga kwiidinosaurs. Umhlathi wayo ojonge phezulu wawunamazinyo ali-15 kwicala ngalinye, angama-60 ewonke, ukuya kutsho kwiisentimitha ezi-4 ubude.
Iimpondo zayo, olona phawu lwayo lwahlukileyo, zafikelela kwiisentimitha ezili-15 ubude, yaye nangona i- priori ibonakala ngathi yayiza kuphumela kwiimpondo zayo, inyaniso yeyokuba ayizange ifike. Uphando lukakhakhayi lwakhe lwatyhila ukuba nangona wayenamandla, eqinile, kwaye ekwanjalo amazinyo abo ebenokufunxa kwaye amelane neempembelelo ezinamandla, ukhakhayi lwalungenamandla kangako nangona lwalunika loo mvakalelo. Intlawulo engaphambili ngeyingazange iphele kakuhle.
Umsebenzi weempondo usephantsi kwengxoxo kwaye "etafileni." Ukususela ekusetyenzisweni ukutyhala, ukuhlaselwa ekugqibeleni ukuya kuthi ga kwisantya esiphezulu se-5 yeemitha ngomzuzwana, okanye ukutshabalalisa iimpembelelo. Nangona kunjalo, into ephikisanayo kukuba i-morphology eqinile yentamo, njengoko ibonwa emathanjeni ayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe ne-muscularity, inika ingcamango yokuba yayilungiselelwe ngokugqibeleleyo ukufumana kunye nokunikezela iimpembelelo.
Ukutya
Ku yaziwa ukuba ukutya kwakhe kwakutyiwa, kodwa ingeyiyo kanye le nto ifanele izondle ngayo. Into ekholelwayo kukuba mhlawumbi yayiza kunqamla ixhoba layo ibenze baphulukane nomlinganiselo wabo. Xa beshiywe bengenanto emhlabeni, bekuya kuba lula ukuhlasela. Uhlalutyo lwe-mandible nguMazzetta et al lucebisa ukuba ukuluma bekuya kukhawuleza, kodwa kungabi namandla kakhulu. Ezi ntshukumo zikhawulezayo zinokuba zilungele ukuzingela ixhoba elincinci, into efana neengwenya zanamhlanje. Kwelinye icala, ukhakhayi lwalo lwalubunjwe ngendlela yokuba lukwazi ukubhetyebhetye, njengolweenyoka. Oku kunye nobuchwephesha bomhlathi wayo bekuya kuyivumela ukuba iginye ixhoba elincinane liphelele.
URobert Bakker nangona kunjalo wachaza ukuba amadama ayenokuba makhulu, kwaneesauropods. Izizathu zale thiyori zinxulumene nokhakhayi kunye nekhala elifutshane. Amazinyo amancinane kunye nesakhiwo esomeleleyo emva kokakayi, kunye namandla axhathisayo okuxhathisa iimpembelelo entanyeni, bekuya kuvumela uhlaselo lwezilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani. Ngokusekelwe kwizilwanyana ezincinci, kodwa eziqhubekayo kakhulu, zaziya kugqiba ukopha ixhoba lazo, de ekugqibeleni zife.
Izinto ezinomdla kwiCarnotaurus
- ICarnotaurus inokufumaneka kwi "Ubukumkani obuwileyo" beJurassik World. Kwesinye semiboniso yokuvula wenza imbonakalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ekulweni neTyrannosaurus. Xa ekugqibeleni woyiswa nguRex.
- Kwinoveli ethi “Ilizwe Elilahlekileyo” likwabonakala njengedayinaso enomgangatho wokutshintsha nokulungelelanisa umbala wayo njengelovane. Nangona bezizintsomi, izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo azizange zifumane nto ebonisa obu buchule.
- Kumboniso bhanyabhanya weDisney othi "Dinosaur" isibini seCarnotaurus sibonakala sisukela umhlambi wezilwanyana ezitya utyani.
- Ubunzima bezihlunu obubaliweyo kwi-caudofemolaris muscle yakhe buphakathi kwe-111 kunye ne-137 yeekhilogram kumlenze ngamnye.
- Ekuphela komzekelo owaziwayo yiCarnotaurus Sastrei. Kwakunjalo yafunyanwa kwi-1985 yi-paleontologist yase-Argentina uJosé Fernando Bonaparte.
- Ekuqaleni ubukho bayo babhalwa ngempazamo kwiminyaka eyi-100 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Oku kusilela kubangelwe kukuba ubuchule bestratigraphic apho ifunyenwe khona yayingachanekanga kakhulu. Ngo-2002 i-definitive dating yenziwa, ihlelwa kwi-Cretaceous ephezulu kwaye ingekho kwengaphantsi.