I-coelacanth sesinye sezona zilwanyana zindala ezikhoyo eMhlabeni. Enyanisweni, kwenzeka ukuba yaphela ukususela kwiCretaceous. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kweminyaka kuye kwafunyanwa imizekelo, njengoko kwenzekayo ngowe-1938 eMzantsi Afrika okanye ngowe-1998 eIndonesia.
Kodwa, yintoni i-coelacanth? Yintoni enayo? Kutheni esaphila? Konke oku, nokunye okuninzi, yinto esiza kukuxelela yona ngokulandelayo.
Yintoni i-coelacanth
I-coelacanth sesinye sezona zilwanyana zingaziwayo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Yintlanzi, i-priori, ekukholelwa ukuba sele iphelile kwi-65 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Kodwa akunjalo, kuba kukho ubungqina bezinto eziphilayo ezisahlala elwandle.
Igama lezesayensi Coelacanthiformes, okanye i-coelacanths, ziintlanzi ezazicingelwa ukuba zanyamalala kwixesha leCretaceous. Ngokwasemzimbeni yahluke kakhulu kwiintlanzi esizaziyo, kwaye yeyohlobo olwavela eMhlabeni kwiminyaka eyi-360 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-2 ubude, kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwi-90 kilos.
Umzimba wakhe wonke igutyungelwe zizikali ezinzima kakhulu kwaye ubude bayo bokuphila bumalunga nama-70 eminyaka okanye ngaphezulu.
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Ngokwezifundo, zimbini iindidi ze-coelacanth, zombini ezingaqhelekanga ngokulinganayo. Kwelinye icala, i-coelacanth yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya oluseNtshona, ibhlowu ngombala. Lo uhlala kunxweme lwaseAfrika; kwelinye icala, kuya kubakho i-coelacanth yase-Indonesia, ehlala ikakhulu kumanxweme aseSulawesi, kwaye inombala omdaka.
Nangona sele kudlule amawaka eminyaka, inkangeleko yawo ayahlukanga kangako kwiminyanya yawo. Olona phawu lwe-coelacanth zizibini zamaphiko alobed enawo ngaphandle komzimba., kwaye oko kunokufana nemilenze. Ikwanayo ne "notochord", "i-accessory" ezaliswe lulwelo olunamafutha olusebenza njengomongo wethambo.
Ngokuphathelele umhlathi wayo, i<em>coelacanth inomlomo omkhulu, onohlobo lwehenjisi evuleka ngayo ngokupheleleyo ukuze ibambe ezinye iintlanzi ezincinci, okanye itye amaxhoba amakhulu. Ayinangqondo inkulu kakhulu, nangona ubukhulu bayo; Ngokutsho kweengcali, oku kuya kuthatha kuphela i-1,5% yokakayi lwakho, ngelixa ezinye ziya kwenziwa ngamafutha.
Okwangoku akwaziwa ukuba zingaphi iintlanzi ezikhoyo kodwa zithathwa njengezidalwa ezisengozini ngenxa yokuba zindala kangakanani.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala ye-coelacanth ilinganiselwe kumanxweme ase-Afrika nase-Indonesia, iindawo ezimbini apho ezi ntlobo zimbini zifumaneka khona. Kutheni apha hayi kwenye indawo? Kuyabonakala ukuba kungenxa yeenguqu kwimillennia ekubeni ezo ndawo ziye zasokola, nto leyo eye yabavumela ukuba baziqhelanise ngokulula ukuze bakwazi ukuphila.
Zihlala kunye nezinye iintlanzi kwaye azizozilwanyana ezindlongondlongo ngokugqithisileyo. Bathanda ukuhlala malunga ne-150-300 yeemitha (nangona banokufikelela kwi-700) kwaye bahlale emiqolombeni kwiindawo ezikude. Ziza kuphela kumphezulu ebusuku ukuza kutya.
Ukutya kwe-coelacanth
I-coelacanth sisilwanyana esinemikhwa yasebusuku. Kusebusuku xa iphuma emqolombeni apho ihlala khona ize inyukele phezulu ukuze itye iintlanzi ezikwingqaqa. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya kwabo kubandakanya nezinye izilwanyana ezinkulu, ezifana abantwana ookrebe, i<em>squids, ii<em>eels, njl.
Olunye uphawu lwale ntlanzi kukuba inokucothisa imetabolism yakho, Ngenxa yoko, xa usitya, kusenokungafuneki utye kwakhona de kube ziintsuku ezininzi, iiveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi kamva. Oku kwenziwa xa ukutya kunqongophele okanye kukwintsimi engaziwayo, njengoko kuyindlela yokuhlala ukhuselekile. Ngelo xesha, i-coelacanth ingena kuhlobo lwe-torpor, njengokungathi i-hibernating, kwaye oku kusenokuba isizathu sokuba le ntlobo iphile iminyaka engamawaka.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kwe-coelacanth
Asikwazi kakuhle ukuba i-coelacanth ivelisa njani ngokuqinisekileyo, okokuqala kuba le ntlanzi ayilula ukuyifumana kwaye okwesibini ngenxa yokuba kwimvelaphi yayo ayaziwa ukuba iziphatha njani, kwaye ukuba kukho into etshintshileyo okanye cha.
Kodwa, kwinto esinokuyikhupha ngokweengcali eziye zahlalutya le ntlanzi yefosili, kukuba ukukhula kwayo ngokwesondo akufikeleli kwiminyaka engama-20. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, iqala ukwabelana ngesondo, kwaye iphinda ivelise ngokusebenzisa a ukuchumisa kwangaphakathi kunye nendlela ye-ovoviparous, oko kukuthi, ngamaqanda. Ezi zinobunzima obufikelela kwi-300 grams kwaye zibe ne-10 centimeters ubude. Kwiinyanga ezili-13, imazi iya kubathwala ngaphakathi, ukuze izale phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-25 encinci, esele ikhulile kwaye ikwazi ukuziphila. Enyanisweni, akuqhelekanga ukuba abazali babanyamekele.
Iimfuno malunga neentlanzi zefosili
Nangona i-coelacanth yintlanzi engaziwayo, inyaniso kukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezinomdla ezikhangayo. Ngokomzekelo, isibakala sokuba kukholelwa ukuba bangookhokho beetetrapods, oko kukuthi, izilwanyana zasemhlabeni ezinemilenze emine. Akukho siqinisekiso (ekubeni ngokwezinye izifundo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-coelacanth genome kubonakala ngathi ezi yayingezontlanzi ezinemiphunga). Kodwa ngenxa yokumila kwabo ngokwasemzimbeni, baphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ngaba banokuba nawo na umnombo wezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo ngaphandle kwezo zithathwa njengeetetrapods.
Indlela yakhe yokuhamba nayo inomdla. Kwaye kunjalo ukuhambisa iiflaphu ezine ngokutshintshanayo, okukhumbuza ukuhamba kwee-tetrapods ngokwayo.
Enye yezinto ezinomdla, ekwanceda ubukho bayo, kukuba ayinancasa engeyiyo intlanzi abantu abafuna ukuyibambisa ukuze bayitye ngenxa yokuba, ngenxa yeeoli zayo, ii<em>ester nezinye iikhompawundi, umzimba wayo uphela unencasa embi kunye nevumba elibi, yaye unokude ubangele izifo. Inyaniso kukuba kuthiwa isilwanyana sikhupha ioli kuzo zonke iipores, kunye ne-mucus. Nangona kunjalo, loo nto ayithethi ukuba eminye imizekelo ayifumaneki kwiimarike, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendlela emile ngayo kwaye yahlukile kwezinye iintlanzi, okanye ngenxa yokuba "idla" into enamawaka eminyaka ubudala.