I-Stegosaurus yayizidinosaur ezitya utyani ababephila ekupheleni kwexesha leJurassic phakathi kwe-156 kunye ne-144 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Igama layo lithetha "Icikilishe elifulelwe ngophahla okanye iLizard eligqunywe". Zingabakwi-genus ye-stegosaurid thyreophorous dinosaurs kwaye zithandwa kakhulu kwiipleyiti zazo ezinkulu ze-dorsal kunye nomsila ophela kunye nemiqolo emikhulu. Zonke iintsalela ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukuba bahlala kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiMntla Melika ngaphandle kwaleyo yafunyanwa ePortugal ngo-2006, ngoko yayikhona naseYurophu ngandlela-thile.
Zonke i-Stegosaurus zabelana ngeempawu zokuba ne-quadrupedal, ukuhamba ngemilenze emifutshane kakhulu yangaphambili ebenze bagoba umqolo wabo phambili. Babenentloko encinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wabo omkhulu, kwaye bahamba ngokucotha kakhulu, kunzima ukufikelela kwi-6 okanye i-7 km / h. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, kweli nqaku linikezelwe ngokupheleleyo kule dinosaur, uya kufumanisa ngakumbi malunga nokutya kwayo, indawo yokuhlala, i-anatomy, kunye neendlela zokuzikhusela enokuthi ziphuhliswe.
IStegosaurus Anatomy
I-Stegosaurus yenye yezona dinosaurs zibonwa ngokulula ngenxa yomqolo wayo wamacwecwe. Ndinenye ubude obumalunga ne-9 yeemitha kunye nobude obuziimitha ezi-4. Ubunzima bakhe babujikeleza 4 iitoni. Oku kulandela ukuba inokuba yayinezixhobo zokulwa kuba yayihlala nezilwanyana ezinkulu ezifana neAllosaurus. Ngokuyinxenye, enye yeengqikelelo malunga neepleyiti zakhe kumqolo wakhe, kubangelwe kumboniso othile kunye / okanye inxalenye yokuzikhusela. Ithiyori enokuthi ihambelane nayo iipleyiti zazinomsebenzi we-thermoregulatory lobushushu.
Enye into ebalaseleyo ngeStegosaurus lukhakhayi lwayo. Yayincinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nomzimba wakhe. Enyanisweni, kukholelwa ukuba ingqondo yakhe yayinobunzima obumalunga ne-80 grams. Kwizinto ezinjalo, xa ubuchopho obuncinane ngolo hlobo buthelekiswa nezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu ngolo hlobo, kwakugqalwa ukuba iidinosaur zifanele ziphathwe njengezilwanyana ezizizidenge ngokwenene. Oku kwaziwa ngoku ukuba akunjalo kwaphela.
Intloko yayo encinci, nende isifundisa okuninzi malunga nemikhwa yeStegosaurus. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphantsi okufuneka ukuba igcinwe emhlabeni, kukholelwa ukuba kufuneka ukuba utyile utyani obukhula kancinci, nto leyo esiza kuthetha ngayo kwicandelo “lokutya” kwabo. Oku kuqinisekiswa kukuba ekupheleni komlomo wakhe wayenomlomo endaweni yamazinyo, kwaye amazinyo awela ngasemva komhlathi wakhe mancinci kwaye anonxantathu.
Iindidi ezaziwayo zeStegosaurus
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezifunyenweyo zeStegosaurus, kodwa ezinye zazo aziqinisekiswanga. Ewe kuba ithathwa njengento engaqhelekanga phakathi kwentsalela efunyenweyo, abanye ngenxa yokuba umahluko phakathi kweefosili umncinci, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezine ezihluke ngokugqibeleleyo.
- I-Stegosaurus Armatus. Igama layo lithetha "Icikilishe elixhobileyo lophahla" kwaye yayiyeyona ntlobo yokuqala ukufunyanwa, ngo-1877. Iintsalela zivela kubantu aba-30 bebonke, kunye namathambo amabini kunye nokakayi. Olu hlobo lwalunemiqolo ethe tyaba emsileni kunye neepleyiti ezincinci. Yayimalunga neemitha ezili-9.
- I-Stegosaurus Longispinus. Igama layo lithetha "Icilikishe elinophahla olude" kwaye yafunyanwa ngo-1914 nguCharles Whitney Gilmore. Olona phawu lwayo luphawulekayo yimiqolo emine engaqhelekanga emide emsileni wayo. Enyanisweni, ezinye i-paleontologists zicinga ukuba luhlobo lwe-Kentrosaurus. Ubude bayo babumalunga neemitha ezisi-7.
- I-Stegosaurus Stenops. Igama layo lithetha "Icikilishe eliNarrow Roofed" kwaye yafunyanwa ngo-1886. Yeyona ntlobo iyaziwa kakhulu ukusukela oko kwafunyanwa iifosili zamathambo alondolozwe kakuhle kakhulu. Amacwecwe ayo omqolo ayemakhulu, ebanzi yaye, njengeentanga zayo, yayinemiqolo emine emsileni wayo. NjengoS. Longispinus, ubude bayo bubonke buziimitha ezisi-7.
- IStegosaurus Sulcatus. Igama layo lithetha "I-Furrowed Roof Lizard" kwaye yafunyanwa ngo-1887 ukusuka kwinxalenye yamathambo. Kwakucingwa nokuba isenokuba ikwanguStegosaurus Armatus, kodwa uhlolisiso lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba lolunye uhlobo ngenxa yomlomo wayo owahlukileyo.
Ukutya kwe-Stegosaurus
Nangona kwakukholelwa ukuba ukutya kwabo okune-herbivorous kumele ukuba kuvela ematyholweni nakwizityalo ezincinci, inyaniso kukuba ezi zinto azizange ziphuhlise kude kube kamva, kwiCretaceous, ngoko ke ukutya kwabo kwakungasekelwanga kuzo. Kukholelwa ukuba Ukutya kwabo kufuneka kube kusekelwe ekutyeni iifern, ihashe, icycas, i-moss, i-pineapple kunye nezinye.
Amazinyo ayo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iidinosaurs ze ornithischian ezitya utyani, azizange zibe nolwakhiwo olusicaba. Oko kukuthi, akufuneki ukuba bakucole ukutya kwabo njengoko besenza izilwanyana ezininzi ezitya izityalo. Amazinyo ayo amade ayenohlobo lwesarha kwicala ngalinye, nto leyo eyayiza kuba yingxaki ukushukuma okuthe tyaba. Kananjalo akukho nto yakuthi ishukume emhlathini ongaguqukiyo, ngoko ibinokuhambisa umlomo wayo phezulu naphantsi.
Ngo-2010, ukubalwa kwekhompyutheni kwenziwa kwintsimi ukuze kufumaneke amandla okuluma kweStegosaurus. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba amandla ayeza kuba ziiNewtons ezili-140 kumazinyo angaphambili, zihamba ngeeNewtons ezili-183 kulawo aphakathi kunye namandla eeNewtons ezingama-275 kulawo angasemva. Koko kukuthi, amandla akhe okuluma ayebuthathaka, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusuka kumasebe angaphezulu kwe-12 mm kuya kuba neengxaki. Oku kubonisa ukuba amasebe amancinci aluhlaza kunye namagqabi mhlawumbi ebenokwenza ukutya okulungileyo. Kodwa konke oku kuyithiyori, ekubeni akukho ntsalela ifunyenweyo yokungeniswa kwe-gastroliths, amatye amancinci anceda ekutyiseni ukutya, kwaye akhoyo kwezinye iidinosaur ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana zemihla yethu.
Curiosities
- Abazange babe nobuchopho besibini, kwaye ixesha elide kwakukholelwa ukuba banalo. Kananjalo ubukho bobuchopho besibini abujongwa kuyo nayiphi na enye idayinaso.
- Ikhona kwiimuvi ezininzi, iithoyi zabantwana, nakwinkcubeko edumileyo ngokubanzi. Kangangokuba ngowe-1982 yabhengezwa njengeDinosaur yeSizwe yaseColorado, yindawo apho amathambo okuqala afunyanwa khona.
- Umsila wayo kwakufuneka uhlale uphezulu, kwaye ungabi phantsi.
- Izikhonkwane ezisemsileni wayo zaziza kusetyenziswa ngaphaya kokhuselo, kwakhona njengesixhobo esibulalayo. Yafunyanwa emva kokulandelela ukwenzakala okufayo kwi-Allosaurus (i-carnivore engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi ngokufana nobukhulu kwi-Stegosaurus) kwindawo yakhe ye-pubic ngenye yezi spikes ezinokumbulala.