Sihamba siye kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuze sithethe ngohlobo lwedayinaso yaselwandle. Imalunga ichthyosaur. Sesinye sezilwanyana zaselwandle ezaziphila malunga nezigidi ezingama-245 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwindawo yokuhlala yaselwandle. Yaphuhliswa phakathi kwexesha le-Triassic kwaye yaphela kwi-Upper Cretaceous. Ithathe indawo enkulu yolwandle kunye neelwandle zaseIndiya, kuMntla Merika, eYurophu naseOstreliya, phakathi kwabanye.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, i-morphology kunye nendlela yokuphila ye-Ichthyosaur.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Baziwa ngokuba ngamacilikishe eentlanzi nto leyo intsingiselo ye-Ichthyosaur. Uninzi lwamathambo afunyenweyo Olu hlobo lufikelele kwiimitha ezili-18 ubude. Ziye zafunyanwa kwiilwandle zaseUnited States. I-fossil yokuqala ye-Ichthyosaur eyafunyanwa ngowe-1811. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bale ntlanzi babumalunga neemitha ezili-10 ubude.
Ezi zilwanyana zibandakanyiwe ngaphakathi kwezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kwiklasi ye-euryapsids. Indawo ababehlala kuyo yayingaphantsi kolwandle kwaye babenentloko enkulu namalungu enziwe ngamaphiko. Iifins zazahlukile kwezi zangoku kuba nazo zineminwe. Eminye imizekelo yayiphakathi kweminwe emi-5-12. Ukuze bahambe ngesantya esiphezulu ezantsi kolwandle, basebenzisa umsila omde kakhulu kunye nomzimba wefusiform. Ubume be-aerodynamic benziwe ngempumlo emide. Kumngxuma womlomo yayinamazinyo amaninzi ezilwanyana ezitya inyama, nto leyo ebonisa uhlobo lokutya kwayo.
Kunokuthiwa i-Ichthyosaur inomzimba ofana nowentlanzi, kodwa enentloko nomsila ofana kakhulu nowecikilishe. Ngokuphathelele imilenze yazo, yayifana neyeecetaceans. Yonke isethi yeempawu zesi silwanyana ibenza bamangalise kwaye babe nomdla wokwazi. Wayenobuchule obukhulu bokuzingela ukuze azondle. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yomhlathi wayo ozele yimiqolo yamazinyo, inokulibamba ixhoba layo kakuhle kwaye itye ngokulula.
Olunye uphawu olwenza i-Ichthyosaur ibonakale ngamehlo ayo amakhulu.. Ngenxa yala mehlo makhulu babekwazi ukubona izinto ezikude kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima zokubona elwandle. Ngenxa yamehlo akhe wayekwazi ukuphuma ezingela ebusuku ukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela. Yahlasela ixhoba layo xa uninzi lwazo lwalulele kwaye luphumle. Esi silwanyana siphefumla emoyeni, ngoko kwakufuneka size phezulu ukuze siphefumle. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba babengenakuhamba kude kakhulu kwiindonga namanxweme. Ngezi mpawu sinokuthi zifana nee dolphin zethu zangoku.
Indlela yobomi ye-Ichthyosaur
Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba ezi zilwanyana zanyamalala ngoko nangoko ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo olwahlukeneyo lwentaba-mlilo olwenzeka kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba. Isibakala sokuba izazinzulu zicinga ukuba lo ngunobangela wokunyamalala kwazo kusikhokelela ekubeni siphande ngeefosili zazo. Yaye uninzi lwamathambo asele lukhona luthuthu lwentaba-mlilo. Noko ke, kukwakho nenye ingcamango yenzululwazi etyhila ukuba batshatyalaliswa lirhamncwa elikhulu.
Ngoku masigxile ekucaciseni indawo yokuhlala kunye nendlela yokuphila ye-Ichthyosaur. Zizilwanyana ezazinamandla okuntywila kubunzulu obukhulu.. Zikwanokudada ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze zikwazi ukufikelela kwixhoba lazo ngokukhawuleza. Babekwazi ukudada ngesantya esiziikhilomitha ezingama-40 ngeyure. Ngaphaya koko, enkosi kubume bomzimba wayo we-aerodynamic, inokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphakamisa izikrokro kwintshukumo yayo.
Wayenevamvo ephucuke kakhulu yokuva nokubona. Ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokuvelisa, kunzima ukuyiqonda. Yaye kuye kwafunyanwa ezinye iifosili ezazingaphakathi kangangeentsuku nangona zichazwa njengezirhubuluzi. Oku kwenza ukuba umntu acinge ukuba isirhubuluzi esazala ukuhlala siselula kwaye Azizange zizale ngamaqanda.
Ukutya kwe-Ichthyosaur
Ngoku makhe sithethe malunga nokutyiswa kwe-Ichthyosaur. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, esi sisilwanyana esifana nokutya okutyiwayo. Ukuba nenani elikhulu lamazinyo alungelelaniswe kwimiqolo kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba ngesantya esikhawulezayo, yayisisilwanyana esizingelayo. Ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-mollusk eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ammonite. Isenokuba kokona kutya kwezi zilwanyana ekubeni zifunyenwe iirekhodi zefosili ezineentsalela ze-amon ezimbanjeni zazo.
Ayigcini nje ngokutya i-ammonite, kodwa itya nezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi kunye nezirhubuluzi ezincinci.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhambisa
Yayizizilwanyana ezazihlala kulo lonke iplanethi, nangona iifosili ziye zafunyanwa ikakhulu kulwandle lwaseIndiya, eYurophu, kwiCaribbean nakuMntla Merika. Ngenxa yazo zonke iifosili ezifunyenweyo, kube nokwenzeka ukuhlangula ulwazi oluninzi ngezi zilwanyana. Nangona baqala ukusasazeka ngexesha le-Triassic, ubukho babo bafikelela ebungangamsha obukhulu ngexesha leJurassic. Yayilixesha le-geological time kunye nobukho obukhulu bale ntlanzi yamacilikishe.
Baphela benyamalala ekupheleni kweCretaceous ngezizathu ezingaziwa nanamhlanje. Iithiyori esikhe sazikhankanya ngaphambili ziseziingcingane njengoko kungenakwenzeka ukuba sazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba sasiyintoni na isizathu sokunyamalala kwezi zilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, Ubomi be-ichthyosaur eMhlabeni babubude kakhulu kwaye yayikhona kulwandle lwethu iminyaka eyi-160 yezigidi zizonke..
Njengoko ubona, i-Ichthyosaur sisilwanyana esikwaziyo ukuphila ixesha elide kwaye siye samelana nokuziqhelanisa kakuhle neendawo ezisingqongileyo kunye nobuchule obuhle bokuzingela. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo ziye zabangela ukunyamalala kwayo, njengeentlobo ezininzi zeli xesha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Ichthyosaur kunye neempawu zayo.