Enye yeedinosaurs ezidumileyo kwixesha lethu yiGallimus. Esi silwanyana sasinokwakheka okukhaphukhaphu kunye nemilenze emide yangasemva, ngoko ke sasilungelelene ukubaleka ukubaleka amarhamncwa. Inkangeleko yayo ngokubanzi nentamo yayo ende kunye nomlomo ongenamlomo ikhumbuza kakhulu inciniba. Yayinomsila omde owawunceda ukuba igcine ibhalansi. I-Gallimus ifumana udumo lwayo olukhulu ngokubonakala kwayo kuzo zombini iinoveli kunye neemuvi ze "Jurassic Park".
Kude kube namhla Inye kuphela indidi yolu hlobo eyaziwayo: Gallimimus bullatus. Eli gama livela kwisiLatini kwaye lithetha "elifana nenkukhu ene-bulla". Yi-ornithomimid theropod dinosaur eyayihlala kwi-Asia yangoku ngexesha le-Maastrichtian, i-70 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ekupheleni kwexesha le-Cretaceous. Ukufunyaniswa kwesi silwanyana sasendle kwenzeka kwi-Nemegt Formation efumaneka eMonglia.
Inkcazo yeGallimus
Ngaphakathi kwintsapho ye-Ornithomimidae, iGallimus lelona lungu likhulu. Umntu omdala wayenobude obumalunga neemitha ezi-6 kunye nobude obuziimitha ezi-1,9 esinqeni. Ukhakhayi lwesi silwanyana luziimilimitha ezingama-330 ubude ngelixa i-femur iyi-660 millimeters ubude. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ubunzima bujikeleze i-440 kilos. Ngokwahlukileyo, isampuli yolutsha yayiziimitha ezi-2,15 ubude kwaye ime malunga ne-0,79 yeemitha kwi-hip. Ubunzima obunokufikelelwa bunokuba ziikhilogram ezingama-26.
Ngokusekelwe kwinto efunyenweyo malunga nezihlobo ze-Ornithomimus, Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ii-ornithomimids zinentsiba kwaye abantu abadala babenezakhiwo ezinjengamaphiko. Le ithiyori ibangelwa kubukho bamaqhina afumaneka kwithambo le-ulna lengalo engezantsi. La ngamaqhuma apho iintsiba bezinokuncanyathiselwa. Kwakhona, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye i-ornithomimids, i-Gallimus yayinezandla ezimfutshane kakhulu ngokumalunga ne-humerus.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/dinosaurs-herbivores/»]
Ngokomzimba, le dayinaso yayifana kakhulu neenciniba zale mihla. Njengabo, yayinamehlo amakhulu, intamo nomsila omde, intloko encinane namalungu angaphambili, kunye nemilenze eyomeleleyo elungele ukubaleka. Xa kuthelekiswa namalungu angasemva, iingalo zayo bezimfutshane ngokwentelekiso zineenzipho ezintathu ezibukhali kwisandla ngasinye. Njengoninzi lweentaka zanamhlanje, IGallimus yayinamathambo aholoholo. Ukongeza, wayenenani elibalulekileyo lohlengahlengiso olubonisa ukuba wayenamandla amahle kakhulu okubaleka. Umsila wawunokusetyenziswa njenge-counterweight. Ngokuphathelele amehlo, la ayebekwe emacaleni entloko yayo, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayinombono webhayibhini.
Iithiyori malunga neenzipho kunye nomlomo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezi nzipho akucaci kwaye ezinye iingcaphephe zicinga ukuba ngeyizisebenzise ukugrumba emhlabeni ukuze kufunyanwe iingcambu, amaqanda kunye namagaqa ukuze kutyiwe kuwo. Umlomo weGallimus ufana kakhulu nowofudo lwaselwandle olutya utyani. Ukongeza, ii-ornithomimids zazihlala kwindawo ezomileyo ezinokutya okuncinci. Kuzo zonke ezi ngqikelelo, ezinye iingcali zithandabuza ukuba ayisiyiyo idayinaso engqongqo kwaye iyayikhusela loo nto inokuba yayiyi-omnivorous. Kule meko, yayiza kusebenzisa umlomo wayo ukuncothula izityalo nokubamba izilwanyana ezincinane. Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukutya kweGallimus kwakuquka izinambuzane, iintshulube ezincinane, izityalo namaqanda.
I-Paleobiology yeGallimus
Ndiyabulela kwi-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeleko eyayinayo i-Gallimus, iingcali ziye zakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba ibambelele intamo yayo ngokutyekela phezulu kwi-angle ye-35º. Ukongeza, izandla zale dinaso zazinamandla okubamba kwaye ubhontsi wawungenako ukuchaswa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-ornithomimosaurs, iingalo zikaGallimus zazibuthathaka kakhulu. Njengoko imizekelo emininzi yesi silwanyana ifunyenwe kunye, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayenobubele.
Enye into ebangel’ umdla eziye zayifumanisa iingcali kukuba yayinengqondo enokuthelekiswa nezeentaka zanamhlanje. Kukwacingelwa ukuba umbala wayo wawungowokufihla, kuba amarhamncwa elo xesha ayenombono wombala. Ngokuphathelele isantya esinokufikelela kuso esi silwanyana, kuye kwabalwa ukuba sasinokubaleka iikhilomitha ezingama-42-56 ngeyure. Esi santya singaphantsi kuneenciniba, ekubeni iingalo kunye nomsila weGallimus zandisa ubunzima beGallimus. Nangona kunjalo, into yokuba umsila wayo wawumfutshane inokuba yinto yokuphucula ukuphucula isantya. Indlela ababebaleka ngayo yayibalulekile, ekubeni babexhomekeke kuyo ukuze babaleke kumarhamncwa.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaur/iidinosaurs-ezineentsiba/»]
Phakathi kwee-ornithomimosaurs, I-Gallimus yenye yawona mathambo anamathambo aphefumla kakhulu. Ngoku kucingelwa ukuba olu phawu luluncedo kwiintaka zanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wayo kwiidinosaurs ezingezizo iintaka aziziwa. Kukho iithiyori ezithi zisebenze ukunciphisa ubunzima bamathambo, ukuba inxulumene ne-metabolism ephezulu, inceda ukugcina ibhalansi ngexesha lezenzo ze-locomotion okanye ukuba inokuba luncedo kwi-thermoregulation.
Umbono
Iingcali ngokubanzi zicinga ukuba umbono kaGallimus wawulungile. I-eyeballs yayincinci kwaye ukuhamba kwabo kwakuncinci ngaphakathi kweesokethi zabo. Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba le dayinaso kwafuneka ishukumise intloko ukuze ibone ezo zinto. Kwakhona, amehlo abo ayethe tye ngakumbi kunezinye ii-theropods ezinjengeentaka. Oku kubonisa ukuba Umbono we-binocular kaGallimus wawulinganiselwe ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, lulungelelwaniso oluphucula amandla okubona ezinye izilwanyana, ezinje ngamarhamncwa, emva kwazo.
Ukutya
IGallimus yayinomlomo ofana nowerhanisi okanye idada, yaye kucingelwa ukuba ukushukuma kwentamo yayo kwakufana nokweqhude, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayinemikhwa yokuzondla phantse efanayo. Nangona kunjalo ukutya kwakhe kuhlala kungumbandela ophikisanayo, izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba isenokuba yatya izilwanyana ezincinane, eziphilayo eyaziginya ngokupheleleyo. Bakholelwa ukuba ukushukuma kwentamo yeGallimus kwakunokuba luncedo ekufumaneni ixhoba layo, ekubeni amehlo ale dinosaur ayebekwe emacaleni okakayi. Ukongezelela, iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba isebenzise imilenze yayo yangaphambili ukumba emhlabeni ifuna ukutya, kwaye ingafaki ukutya emlonyeni wayo.
Ngowe-1988 kwavela ithiyori entsha malunga nokutya kweGallimus eyakhabayo ingcamango yokuba le dayinaso yayinomnivorous. Yayisekelwe kwinto yokuba iinciniba ngokuyintloko zizikhangeli kunye nezilwanyana ezitya imfuyo. Kwakhona, ukhakhayi lwe<em>ornithomimid lwalufana nolwee<em>moas ezingasekhoyo, ezazinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingahlafuna amasetyana. Le thiyori ikwachaza ukuba iiornithomimids zazilungelelaniswe kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba zikwazi ukutya izityalo ezixhathisayo nezandla zakhe zabe ziluncedo ekuziseni amasebe emlonyeni wakhe.
Gallimimus: Isihluzi se-terrestrial feeder?
Kwiminyaka kamva, ngo-2001, isazi ngezidalwa zamandulo uJorn Hurum wathethelela ukuba i-Gallimus yayinomdla kakhulu kwaye inomathuba, kanye njengengabangaba zangoku. Ezinye iingcaphephe zamthelela zaza ngophando zagqiba kwelokuba le dayinaso ineenkcaza ngaphakathi emlonyeni wayo efana kakhulu nelamellae efumaneka emilonyeni yeentaka ze-anseriform. Zisebenzisa olu phawu ukuhluza intlenga, ukuphatha ukutya, ukusika izityalo ngelixa zisitya, kunye nokwahlula ezinye izinto ekutyeni. Idada eliqhelekileyo yintaka ye anseriform efana kakhulu ne Gallimimus kwaye itya iimollusks, izityalo, foraminifera kunye ne ostracods. Ukuba le ngcamango iyinyani, i-Gallimus yayiyenye yezona zilwanyana zasemhlabeni ezikhulu kakhulu ezaziwayo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaur/idayinaso enkulu/»]
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngowama-2005, isazi ngezidalwa zamandulo uPaul Barrett wayiphikisa ingcamango yangaphambili. Waphawula ukuba i-lamella-efana nezakhiwo ze-Gallimus zazingekho i-bristles eguquguqukayo njengoko kunjalo kwi-filter feeders, njengoko kungekho bungqina besayensi bokuba bawa okanye badibanisa. Ngaphezu koko, uBarrett wabonisa ukuba zifana kakhulu nemilomo yofudo ethe nkqo. Okwangoku kucingelwa ukuba iicrest zezi zilwanyana zisetyenziselwa ukucola uhlaza oluxhathisayo, yiyo loo nto inxulunyaniswa nokutya okutya utyani.
Kwakhona, i-gastroliths ifunyenwe kwezinye i-ornithomimids. Lawa ngamatye afumaneka emathunjini anceda ukutyumza ukutya, ekubeni isilwanyana singenazo izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuhlafuna ukuze sikwazi ukwenza ngokupheleleyo. Enye ingxabano exhasa le ngcamango kukuba i-Gallimus ngokuqinisekileyo yayiza kufuna phakathi kwe-0,07 kunye ne-3,34 yeekhilogram zokutya ngosuku ngalunye. Lo myinge wokungeniswa awunakwenzeka kumntu ovuzayo. Ngowama-2007, esinye isazi ngezidalwa zamandulo uEspen M. Knutsen saphawula ukuba umlomo wezilwanyana ezitya utyani wawufana kakhulu nowezilwanyana ezitya utyani ezitya imifuno ene<em>high-fiber okanye ii<em>omnivores kunomlomo weentaka zanamhlanje.