Ngexesha le-Mesozoic, iidinosaurs zazilawula nje umhlaba kunye nomoya, kodwa kunye namanzi. Kukho iigenera ezininzi kunye neentlobo zeedinosaur zasemanzini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho impikiswano kunye negama elisetyenzisiweyo, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba yayiziidinosaurs ngokwenene, ukuba ayizizo ezirhubuluzayo zaselwandle. Nangona le ngxaki, igama elithi iidinosaurs zasemanzini linikezelwa ngokubanzi.
Ezi zirhubuluzi zinkulu zazingookumkani bolwandle neelwandle. Nangona zihlala zingaziwa kakhulu kuneedayinaso zomhlaba, ezinye zazo ziye zafumana ukuthandwa. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo ziiMosasaurs, ezinenkangeleko ebalulekileyo kwisaga ye "Jurassic World", iiPlesiosaurs, apho i-monster yeLoch Ness iphefumlelwe, kunye nee-Ichthyosaurs, ezifana kakhulu ngokumila kweedolphin. . Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga needinosaurs zasemanzini, ungathandabuzi ukuqhubeka ufunda.
Iimpawu zeedinosaur zasemanzini
Zonke iintlobo zeedinosaurs zasemanzini zazihlala kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle zexesha leMesozoic. Ezinye zazincinane kakhulu, ngoxa ezinye ziye zaba zezona zilwanyana zikhulu zaselwandle kwezakha zakho. Ngoku kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nezirhubuluzi zasemanzini ezinkulu kunezo zincinci.
Kwakhona kubomi baselwandle banokuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwabo lokutya. Ngelixa ezinye iidinosaur zasemanzini zazidla inyama, ezinye zazinokuba zi-omnivorous. oko kukuthi, zazitya kuzo zombini izityalo zaselwandle neecrustaceans nezinye izilwanyana. Njengoko kusenzeka nakwiidinosaur zomhlaba, zinokuhlala ngokwamaqela okanye zizingele zodwa, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo.
Imizekelo yeedinosaur zasemanzini
Izirhubuluzi zaselwandle zazinembonakalo eyahlukileyo kakhulu, ziqhelana nemekobume nokuziphatha. Uninzi lwegenera lumelwe ngokwemiyalelo elishumi. iidinosaur zasemanzini ezibalulekileyo. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngezona zibalulekileyo.
Ichthyosaurs
Iqela le-Ichthyosaurs lelinye laziwa kakhulu. Nangona inkangeleko yabo ifana kakhulu neyehlengesi, akukho siseko simiselweyo sokungqina ubudlelwane babo. Ezi dinosaurs zasemanzini zazihlala kwi-Triassic kwaye zanyamalala kwixesha leCretaceous. Igama layo lithetha "amacilikishe eentlanzi" kwaye ifosili yokuqala yafunyanwa ngo-1811.
Ukutya kwe-ichthyosaur kwakune-carnivorous. Inokuhamba ngesantya esikhulu emanzini, iyenza isilwanyana esibalulekileyo saselwandle saseMesozoic. Phakathi kwamaxhoba ayo yayiziimolluscs ezaziwa ngokuba ziiammonites, kodwa yayisitya iintlanzi nezinye izirhubuluzi ezincinane.
IiPlesiosaurs
NjengoIchthyosaurs, iiPlesiosaurs zazihlala ukusuka kwiTriassic ukuya kwixesha leCretaceous. Ezi zizilwanyana ezinomzimba ofana nowofudo ngaphandle kweqokobhe, kodwa nentamo ende kakhulu. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba I-Loch Ness Monster iphefumlelwe ziiPlesiosaurs. Igama layo lithetha "kufuphi necilikishe".
Ngokuphathelele ukutya kwabo, iyaziwa loo nto ukutya kwabo kwakuquka iintlanzi neebelemnites. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba isenokuba yasebenzisa amazinyo ayo njengohlobo oluthile lomgibe wokubambisa ixhoba layo.
IiPliosaurs
Eli qela lezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zaselwandle lenziwe ngookumkani baselwandle. Zithathwa njengezona dinosaurs ezinkulu zasemanzini ezakha zakho. Iintlobo zalo myalelo zazikhona ukusuka kwi-Triassic ukuya kwixesha le-Cretaceous. Zazifana ngenkangeleko neePlesiosaurs, kodwa zinentamo emfutshane namazinyo atsolo ngakumbi.
Ezi ziidinosaur zasemanzini ezidla inyama Ubukhulu becala babesitya iintlanzi nezinye izirhubuluzi. Zazinamaphiko anamandla ezazinokufikelela ngawo isantya esiphezulu emanzini, ngaloo ndlela zibe zizisulu eziyingozi kakhulu.
iimosaurs
Ngexesha leCretaceous, iMosasaurs yayizizilwanyana zaselwandle ezazilawula iilwandle. Emva phaya, amanye amaqela amakhulu ee<em>dinosaur zasemanzini ayesele engasekho, njengeeIchthyosaurs kunye neePlesiosaurs. Zazikhangeleka zifana neengwenya, kodwa zilinganiswe phakathi kweemitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezili-18. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ezi zilwanyana zikhulu zaselwandle zazihlala kulwandle olungekho nzulu nolushushu. Ukutya kwabo kwakuquka iintlanzi, ezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo neentaka ezintywilayo.
I-Thalattosaurus
Igama elithi "Thalattosaurus" lithetha "icilikishe lolwandle." Zizirhubuluzi zaselwandle ezazinomsila omde othe tyaba ezazidla ngokuziqhubela xa zidada emanzini. Kuqikelelwa ukuba banokufikelela ubude beemitha ezine. IiThalattosaurs zaziphila ixesha elifutshane kwixesha leMesozoic. Bavela ngexesha le-Middle Triassic kwaye baphela kwi-Late Triassic.
Amanye amaqela edinosaur zasemanzini
Imiyalelo yeedinosaurs zasemanzini esizikhankanyileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zezona zaziwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaqela amaninzi amele ezi zilwanyana. Phakathi kwazo, iicetaceans zivelele, ezizizilwanyana ezincelisayo eziqhelaniswe nobomi emanzini. Igama layo livela kwisiGrike kwaye lithetha "umnenga". Ngokuphathelele ukubonakala kwayo, ifana nentlanzi. Kukho ii-suborders ezintathu zeli qela: i-odontocetes, i-mysticetes kunye ne-archaeocetes.
Omnye umyalelo wokugqamisa zii-Eurypterids, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi "sea scorpions". Ngaphandle kwegama labo, abangoonomadudwane, enyanisweni abanalo ubudlelwane nabo. Ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zolu cwangco zaziziisentimitha ezingama-20 ngobukhulu, ezinye zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini. I-Eurypterids yayiyenye yeendlela zokuqala zobomi. Zazikho malunga ne-510 ukuya kwi-248 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha lePaleozoic.
IiPlacodonts zikwaliqela leedinosaur zasemanzini zokuqaqambisa. Ezi zilwanyana zazifana kakhulu nofudo. Njengabo, banikwa iqokobhe eliqinileyo ukuze bazikhusele kumarhamncwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanalo naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelwane, nangona bevelise uhlobo olufanayo lwesikrweqe. IiPlacodonts zaziphila ngexesha leTriassic, malunga nezigidi ezingama-252 zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba yayiziidayinaso zasemhlabeni ezaziziqhelanisa nobomi basemanzini, zijika imilenze yazo ibe ngamaphiko. Ngokuphathelele iifudo, zombini eziphelileyo kunye nezikhoyo ngoku ziyinxalenye yomyalelo weTestudines. Olona phawu lwahlukileyo kwezi zilwanyana liqokobhe lazo eliqinileyo.
I-Redlíquidos ayinakuphoswa nakweli nqaku. Bahlala eCambrian, malunga ne-541 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayiyenye yeendlela zokuqala zobomi apho iidinosaur zasemanzini zathi zavela ekugqibeleni. Babeneempawu ezininzi eziphawulekayo ezifana nenkangeleko yakudala kunye nelula kunye ne-exoskeleton enzima yokukhusela. Amaxesha amaninzi babede babe neempondo, imiqolo kunye nemilenze emininzi. Iingcali zicinga ukuba zazihlala emazantsi olwandle.
Okokugqibela, iiLamniformes zisaza kukhankanywa. Ookrebe abakhulu bakolu cwangco. Phakathi kwazo yeyona inkulu kwaye idumileyo eyakha yabakho: iMegalodon, enobude obufikelela kuma-20 eemitha. Ngombulelo kumzimba wabo we-cylindrical kunye nomsila omkhulu, banokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu nangona ubukhulu babo. IiLamniforms zihlala kumanzi ashushu.