Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeedinosaur ezifunyenwe namhlanje. Izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo, izazinzulu nabaphandi benza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuchaza ezi zilwanyana zibalaseleyo ezaphelayo. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, amanye ala macilikishe aye aduma kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abangazinikelanga kwi-paleontology. Nangona kunjalo, amagama anikwe iidinosaurs anzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuwakhumbula. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba ekuhambeni kweminyaka kwavela amagama athile abhekisela kwiqela elithile, elinjengentamo ende.
Lo mbono ubandakanya zonke ezo zilwanyana zitya utyani ezinentamo ende kakhulu. Ngoku, isilwanyana esinokuqukwa kweli qela yindlulamthi. Kodwa phakathi kweedayinaso kwakukho ezimbalwa eziye zagqama ngokuba nentamo ende kakhulu ngokunxulumene nomzimba wazo. I-Brachiosaurus, i-Apatosaurus okanye i-Argentinosaurus yimizekelo embalwa nje. Kule nqaku siza kuthetha nge-longnecks kunye nabameli babo abadumileyo.
Labakho njani igama elithi “longneck”?
Nangona igama elithi "longneck" ngokwalo sele likho kwakudala, bekungekho de kwavela i-saga ethi "Ukukhangela i-Enchanted Valley". yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokudumileyo ukubhekisa kwezo dinosaurs intamo yabo yayinde ngokugqithisileyo. Kolu chungechunge lweemuvi zabantwana, i-protagonist egama linguLittlefoot yi-Apatosaurus. Noko ke, ekubeni amagama enzululwazi esenokuba nzima ukuwabiza nokungabi namdla ebantwaneni, ayedla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziintamo ezinde. Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwezinye iintlobo: I-Triceratops ibizwa ngokuba "neempondo ezintathu", ngelixa iTyrannosaurus rex ibizwa ngokuba "izinyo elibukhali" kule saga.
Ngale ndlela, ababhali bakwazile ukubandakanya eyona incinci yendlu. Ngoko, Isizukulwana sonke sikhule siwazi la magama anikwe amaqela eedinosaurs, ukuba ngamagama aziwa kakhulu. Kwiminyaka kamva, ngokubonakala kweSaga "Jurassic Park", iidinosaurs ziye zaphakama zaduma nangona zigcina amagama azo ezenzululwazi.
Izizathu zobude bentamo ye-longnecks
Ngexesha leMesozoic, Izilwanyana bezinazo zonke iintlobo zeemilo kunye nezakhiwo. Ngelixa ezinye iidinosaurs zazihamba nge-bipedal, ezinye zazihamba ngazo zone. Ezinye zazinemiqolo, iintsiba okanye amaxolo, ngoxa ezinye zazinamaphiko okanye amaqokobhe. Kwinqanaba lokuziqhelanisa, uhlobo ngalunye luye lwavelisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ukuze luphile kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiintamo ezinde, zonke yayizizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Iintamo zabo ezinde zazisetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwimifuno ephezulu kwaye ngoko feed. Ukongeza, ukuphakama kwabo kwabanika umbono omkhulu wokuba bakwazi ukubona amarhamncwa ngexesha kwaye babaleke. Imisila yabo kwakufuneka ibe mikhulu kwaye ibe yinde ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza njenge-counterweight kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcine ibhalansi. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani, ii-longnecks zezona dinosaurs ezinkulu ezakha zakho. Ngenxa yentabalala yokutya, ezi zilwanyana zakwazi ukuguqukela kubukhulu obungaka. Ke, indalo inokugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ekubeni isilwanyana sikhulu, kokukhona ukutya kufuneka sikutye ukuze sizigcine.
Eyona ntamo inde kuzo zonke
Malunga ne-160 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha leJurassic Late, indoda enentamo ende egama linguQijianglong yahlala kwindawo eyaziwa njengeAsia namhlanje. Ibiyeyeqela leMamenchisaurs, eyona nto ibalaseleyo yintamo yayo ebanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ubude obukhulu bentamo yeQijianglong bubonakala buphikisana nemithetho yefiziksi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intamo ithatha malunga nesinye kwisithathu somzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko igubungela isiqingatha.
Wayenokuyigcina njani imilinganiselo yakhe? Kunomdla, kuba kuvela ukuba umqolo wesi silwanyana uzaliswe ngumoya. Ngale ndlela, ubunzima bayo bube lula ngokugqithisileyo. Ngaphaya koko, iQijianglong iphantse yayisa phezulu nje intamo yayo njenge crane. Oku kungenxa yokuba amajoyina phakathi kwe-vertebrae ayilwe ngendlela eyenza ukuba ukunyakaza kwecala kube nzima.
Ukufunyanwa kwale dayinaso kubonisa ukuba kusenokubakho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeMamenchisaurs.
Imizekelo yentamo ende
Njengoko sele sichazile ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-longnecks. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha kancinci malunga naziwa kakhulu.
Brachiosaurus
Siqala olu luhlu ngento ekusenokwenzeka ukuba idume kakhulu intamo ende kuzo zonke: IBrachiosaurus. Le ntlanzi inkulu yidayinaso yokuqala ukuvela kwisavenge sokuqala se "Jurassic Park." Yayiphila kwiminyaka eyi-154 yezigidi eyadlulayo kuMntla Merika wanamhlanje, ngexesha leJurassic Late.
I-Brachiosaurus yeyama-sauropods. Nangona kunjalo, ineempawu ezithile eziyahlula kwezinye izilwanyana kwiqela elinye. Umzekelo, imilenze yayo yangaphambili mide kunesiqhelo kwaye nomsila wayo, kwelinye icala, mfutshane xa kuthelekiswa nentamo yayo. le ntamo ende Yayiphakathi kweemitha ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-30 ubude yaye inokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezili-16. ngokweengcali.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/brachiosaurus/»]
Mhlawumbi iBrachiosaurus ityiwa ikakhulu ngamagqabi ekubeni wayefikeleleka lula kubo ngenxa yentamo yakhe ende. Enyanisweni, intloko yakhe yayiya kuba malunga neemitha ezingama-9 ubude kwindawo ethe tye ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwakho lwamandla kufuneka lube malunga neemitha ezi-5 ukusuka emhlabeni. Noko ke, izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo aziyichasi into yokuba yayikwazi ukukhangela ukutya okungaphantsi kobo mphakamo ukuba yayiyimfuneko. Enye into enomdla ngale ntamo ende kukuba yayikwazi ukutya phakathi kwe-120 kunye ne-400 yeekhilogram zemifuno yonke imihla.
I-Diplodocus
Ngexesha leJurassic, isidalwa esinentamo ende ebizwa ngokuba yiDiplodocus sahlala kuMntla Merika wanamhlanje phantse iminyaka eyi-10 yezigidi. Iingcali ziyayiqikelela loo nto yayilixhoba elinzima kwamanye amarhamncwa elo xesha, NjengeAllosaurus okanye iCarnotaurus. Yiyo loo nto wakwazi ukusinda ixesha elide. Njengoko yayiyeyona dayinaso inkulu eyaziwayo kwiminyaka eliqela, yenye yezona zidumileyo namhlanje.
Ngenxa yamathambo amaninzi eDiplodocus afunyenweyo, yenye yeedinosaurs ezifundwe kakuhle. Ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo kwesi silwanyana yintamo yaso ebanzi kunye nomsila wayo omde ofana nesabhokhwe.. Inokufikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-25 kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ubunzima bayo bube phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-16 yeetoni. Ukongeza, uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba le zilwanyana ezitya utyani zinemiqolo emxinwa, etsolo eyenziwe ngekeratin ejikeleze umqolo wayo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaur/diplodocus/»]
Ngokuphathelele ukutya kweDiplodocus, njengezinye izilwanyana ezinentamo emide, yayiyi-herbivorous. Nangona kunjalo, le dayinaso yohlukile kwezinye iisauropods ngamazinyo ayo akhethekileyo. Izithsaba zamazinyo zazinde, zibhityile kwaye zi-elliptical kwicandelo elinqamlezayo, ngelixa encotsheni yayisenza inqaku elibuthuntu kunye ne-triangular. Ngokweengcali, indlela iDiplodocus ehlafunwa ngayo kufuneka ukuba yahlukile xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iisauropods. Ekubeni intamo yayo yayibhetyebhetye, ngokuqinisekileyo yayinokufumana ukutya okukumanqanaba awahlukeneyo obude, nokuntywila ukuze itye izityalo zasemanzini.
I-Apatosaurus
Sasichazile ngaphambili ukuba i-longnecks kwi-saga ethi "Ukukhangela i-Enchanted Valley" yi-Apatosaurus, esiza kuthetha ngayo ngokulandelayo. Olu hlobo lwe-sauropod lwaluhlala ngexesha leJurassic kunye Idume ngokuba ngomnye wabambalwa apho i-skeleton epheleleyo ifunyenwe. Ndiyabulela oku, iingcali ziye zakwazi ukufumana okuninzi malunga nesi silwanyana.
I-Apatosaurus inokufikelela ubude ukuya kwi-25 yeemitha kunye nobude beemitha ezi-5. Ngokuphathelele ubunzima bayo, yayingekho ngaphezulu kwaye ingekho ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-30. Ulusu lwale nkomo yayingqindilili, nto leyo eyayisenza ukuba ingabi sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa ngamarhamncwa kunye namaqondo aphantsi obushushu. Intamo yayo yayinama-vertebrae ali-15, ngoxa umsila wayo wawungaphezu kwama-80. Ngokufanayo neendlovu, imilenze yayo yayingqindilili kwaye yomelele. Intloko yona yayincinci kakhulu xa idibene nomzimba. Ubuchopho be-Apatosaurus bulinganiswe ngeesentimitha ezili-10 kuphela.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/apatosaurus/»]
Ngokutsho kwezinye iingqikelelo, le herbivore Wayenoxolo kakhulu kwaye ephila ngemiyalelo. Ngenxa yobude bentamo yayo, akuzange kudingeke ukuba ikhuphisane nezinye iidinosaur ngokutya. Ngokuphathelele ukuveliswa kwe-Apatosaurus, kuyaziwa ukuba yenziwa ngokwesondo kwaye yabeka amaqanda.
Patagotitan usodolophu
Ngaphandle kokungaziwa kakuhle, i-mayorum ye-Patagotitan ayinakuphoswa kolu luhlu lwee-longnecks, ukusukela oko Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isesona silwanyana sikhulu embalini. Ifunyenwe kutshanje, ngo-2014. Ngokutsho kweengcali, inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-37,2 ubude kwaye ubunzima bayo buya kuba malunga neetoni ezingama-69. Esi sigebenga sasihlala eMzantsi Melika namhlanje ngexesha leCretaceous.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaur/idayinaso enkulu/»]
Nangona kunjalo, idatha malunga nemilinganiselo yayo isekelwe kuphela kubalo oluqikelelweyo, kuba kufunyenwe amathambo ale dayinaso kuphela. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-Argentinosaurus isesona silwanyana esikhulu kunazo zonke esake sahlala, kodwa i-paleontologists icinga ukuba iintsalela ze-mayorum ye-Patagotitan zingabantu abancinci abangazange bafike kubukhulu babo abadala.
I-mayorum yasePatagotitan inokuba sesona silwanyana sikhulu sakha sahamba emhlabeni. Noko ke, izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo zisaqhubeka ziphanda yaye zifumanisa iintsalela zamathambo amatsha, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziya kufumana uhlobo oluthile oluyodlula le titan.