- Ii-iguana eziluhlaza ezingezizo ezemveli eFlorida ziyayeka ukuhamba kwaye zingawa emithini xa ubushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwe-10°C.
- I-Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission icebisa ukuba zingachukumisi okanye zingashukumisi ezi zilwanyana zirhubuluzayo ezibandileyo.
- Uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba iintlobo ezininzi ziyanda kancinci ukunyamezela kwazo amaqondo obushushu aphantsi
- Le nto inxulunyaniswa neziqendu zomkhuhlane omkhulu kunye nempembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokusasazeka kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo.
EMzantsi Florida, kuphindaphindwa into enokuthi, emehlweni aseYurophu, ibonakale ngathi yinto ephuma kwimuvi: ii-iguana eziluhlaza eziqina ngenxa yokubanda kwaye ziwe emithini ngokungathi zikhe zabanda ngequbuliso. Asiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa yinto abemi basekuhlaleni abayiqaphelayo ngalo lonke ixesha xa kufika umoya obandayo.
Nangona eSpain nakwinxalenye enkulu yaseYurophu sinxulumanisa ii-iguana nemozulu efudumeleyo nezinzileyo, okwenzekayo eFlorida kusisilumkiso sendlela ezisebenza ngayo. Izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga zisabela kwimozulu embi kakhulu kwaye kutheni abasemagunyeni begxininisa ekubeni bangangeneleli ngendlela engafanelekanga xa sibona isilwanyana esibonakala singashukumi.
Ingqaqa ebandayo eshiya ii-iguana "ziqandisiwe" emithini
Xa amaqondo obushushu ehla kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Sunshine State," iimeko zinokuba zikhohlisa kakhulu: isibhakabhaka esicacileyo, imithi yesundu… kodwa, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi awela ngaphantsi kwe-10°C Kwezinye iindawo ezisemazantsi, ezifana neMiami-Dade, Broward, kunye nePalm Beach counties, amaqondo obushushu afikelele kuma-40s (phakathi kwama-4 kunye nama-9 degrees Celsius) ngokufika komoya obandayo onamandla, kwaye aphantsi nangakumbi ngenxa ye-wind cold factor.
IKhomishini yoLondolozo lweeNtlanzi neZilwanyana zaseFlorida (FWC) sele ichaze amaxesha amaninzi ukuba xa ithemometha isihla ngaphantsi kwama-50°F (malunga ne-10°C) Ii-iguana eziluhlaza ezingezizo ezemveli ziqala ukuba neengxaki ezinkulu zokugcina imizimba yazo ilawuleka. Ngexesha lokubanda kwakutshanje, ezi meko ziye zaphinda zavela, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho inqwaba entsha yezirhubuluzi ezimangaliswe zizimele phantsi kwemithi.
Le meko iqheleke kakhulu kangangokuba ezinye iindawo zeendaba zasekuhlaleni ziye zaphuma ukuze ziyoyibhala phantsi. Ngentsasa ebanda kakhulu, iqela likamabonwakude lihambe nengcali yasekuhlaleni eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-"Cuban Tarzan of Iguanas" kwaye yakwazi ukuzibonela ngawayo amehlo. ukuba zingaphi iisampulu ezingazange zisebenze emhlabeni okanye baxhonywe emasebeni, ngaphandle kokusabela okubonakalayo, emva kokuba bewile besuka kwindawo ethile ephakamileyo.
Okwangoku, ezinye iindawo zaseFlorida bezijongene neemeko ezimbi ngakumbi. I-National Weather Service (NWS) ikhuphe izilumkiso zokuqanda kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemantla naphakathi kweli lizwe, apho Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kulindeleke ukuba afikelele kwi -4°C kwaye umoya ubanda kufutshane ne -6°C kwezinye iingingqi ezikumntla-mpuma. La maqondo obushushu awasongeli nje kuphela izilwanyana zasendle, kodwa asongela nezityalo, izityalo ezibuthathaka, kwanemibhobho engakhuselekanga.
Kule meko yemozulu engaqhelekanga, ngokungafaniyo nomfanekiso abaninzi abanawo ngeFlorida, ii-iguana ngokungazi ziba lolunye lwezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zempembelelo yomkhuhlane: izilwanyana zasetropiki, ezikhoyo ngobuninzi kuba ziyi- iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo ezisasazeke kwiindawo zasezidolophini nakwiindawo zokuhlalaukuwa ngokoqobo emithini ekuzeni kokusa.
Kutheni umkhuhlane ushiya ii-iguana zingashukumi?
Ingcaciso yale ndlela imangalisayo yokuziphatha ikwibhayoloji esisiseko yezi zirhubuluzi. izilwanyana ezinegazi elibandayo, okanye ii-ectothermsOku kuthetha ukuba azivelisi ubushushu bangaphakathi ngokufanelekileyo njengezilwanyana ezanyisayo okanye iintaka. Ubushushu bomzimba wazo kunye nomsebenzi wazo kuxhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwindalo esingqongileyo: ilanga, umoya, kunye nomphezulu ezihlala kuwo.
Xa umoya ubanda kakhulu, imetabolism yabo iyehla kakhulu. Umzimba ungena kuhlobo "lwendlela yokonga amandla," kwaye ukuba ukwehla kobushushu kwanele, ii-iguana... Balahlekelwa kulawulo lwemisipha okwethutyanaAzifanga okanye ziqandisiwe ngokoqobo, kodwa izihlunu zazo ziyayeka ukusabela kwaye ziyaqina, zingakwazi ukubamba amasebe okanye ukushukuma.
Imibutho egxile ekulawuleni olu hlobo lwezilwanyana oluhlaselayo eFlorida ibonisa ukuba, ngeli xesha, ii-iguana ziphelelwa bubuthongo obukhulu, kodwa Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kudla ngokuguqulwa Ukuba amaqondo obushushu ayanyuka kwakhona njengoko iiyure zidlula, ngandlela ithile, luhlobo oluthile lokulala ngengozi oluqhutywa ngumkhuhlane abangazange bawulungele ngokupheleleyo.
Ingxaki kukuba, nangona behlala benganyakazi, Basengozini enkulu yokwenzakala nokuhlaselwa zizilwanyana.Ukuwa ukusuka kwiimitha ezimbalwa ukuphakama kunokubangela ukwenzakala ngaphakathi okanye ukwaphuka, kwaye ekubeni zingenakuzikhusela emhlabeni, zinokuba lixhoba lezinye izilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezi zidalwa, ingozi enkulu ayiveli kwindalo, kodwa kwimpendulo yomntu kwinto ebonakala ngathi sisilwanyana esingaphiliyo, esingenabomi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona le ndawo imangalisa, ezi zilwanyana zirhubuluzayo aziguquki zibe zizithixo zomkhenkce: Ubushushu obuphakathi abufane bufikelele kumanqanaba okubanda ngokupheleleyo eSouth Florida. Oko sikubonayo, endaweni yoko, ngumda wendalo wesilwanyana esenzelwe imozulu efudumeleyo ejongene nokuqhuma kwengqele ngequbuliso umzimba ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula ngokuqhelekileyo.
Oko kucetyiswa ngabasemagunyeni: musa ukuchukumisa, musa ukushukuma, kwaye musa ukukhulula
Ijongene nenani elikhulu lemifanekiso yee-iguana ezinganyakaziyo rhoqo xa ubushushu buhla, i-FWC kuye kwafuneka ikhuphe imiyalezo ecacileyo kuluntu malunga nendlela yokusabela. Kunxibelelwano lwakutshanje, le arhente ikhumbuze wonke umntu ukuba, xa ezi i-iguana nezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zilahlekelwa kukulawula izihlunu Ngenxa yokubanda, banokubonakala ngathi bayafa, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba bakhawuleze babasindise.
Esinye sezona zilumkiso zibalulekileyo kukuphepha ngandlela zonke isilingo sokuba ukuthatha ii-iguana ukuya nazo ekhaya okanye uzifake emotweni ukuze “bazivuselele”. Ezi zilwanyana zinokuphila ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba abantu becinga, kwaye ukuba zivuka kwindawo evalekileyo engenandlela yokubaleka, zinokusabela ngokuzikhusela: ukulunywa, ukutshixizwa, kunye nokubethelwa ngemisila ziyinxalenye yendlela yazo xa ziziva zixinene.
Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba izinja, iikati, okanye ezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya akufuneki zivunyelwe kufutshane nee-iguana ezingakwaziyo ukuhamba. Nangona zinokubonakala zingenakuzikhusela, Zihlala zizilwanyana zasendle ezinamazinyo kunye neenzipho eziphuhlileyo.Kwaye intshukumo ekhawulezileyo xa uphinda ushukuma inokuphela ngokumothuka okubi okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu kwisilwanyana sasekhaya.
Ukongeza koku kukho icala lezomthetho. EFlorida, i-iguana eluhlaza idweliswe njenge iintlobo ezingavumelekangaNgoko ke, ukuba nazo kunye nokuphathwa kwazo kulawulwa ngokungqongqo. I-FWC ikhumbuza uluntu ukuba akuvumelekanga ukuhambisa okanye ukukhulula ii-iguana eziluhlaza (kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi) ngokwakho, kwaye kufuneka imvume ethile ukuze ugcine isampuli ephilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, akwanelanga nje ukukhupha isilwanyana emhlabeni uze usishiye kwindawo "ekhuselekileyo".
Le ndlela ingabonakala ingqongqo ngokwembono yaseYurophu, apho ingqiqo idla ngokuba kukunceda nasiphi na isilwanyana esibonakala sisengxakini. Nangona kunjalo, ibonisa ulungelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi ukulawula iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo kwaye kwangaxeshanye baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nezilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni, ngaphandle kokukhuthaza iindlela ezenza ingxaki yokwandiswa kwezi iguana ibe mandundu.
Uphando: Ii-Iguana zibonakala zinyamezela umkhuhlane ngcono kancinci
Ngaphaya kombono wezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ziwa emithini, isayensi iqala ukubona utshintsho kwindlela ezi ntlobo ezihlangabezana ngayo namaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi iBiology Letters luhlalutye Iintlobo ezisixhenxe zeengcuka kunye nee-iguana zixhaphakile eMzantsi Florida Kwaye wafumana inyani ephawulekayo: umda obandayo abama kuwo utshintshile kancinci kwiminyaka embalwa nje.
Ngokwale phando, into ebizwa ngokuba yi "magic number" imalunga ne-44°F, malunga ne-6°C. Ukusuka apho, Uninzi lwezi zilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zilahlekelwa ngamandla okushukumaOkubangel’ umdla kukuba, ngo-2020, iintlobo ezihlalutyiweyo zamelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kancinci kunakwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo, umahluko oqikelelweyo we-2 °F (ngaphezulu nje kwe-degree Celsius enye).
Ababhali bolu phononongo bachaza olu tshintsho njengophawu olunokwenzeka lokuziqhelanisa: ii-iguana, ingakumbi iisampuli ezinkulu, Beziya kuba nokumelana okukhulu kancinci nengqele.Mhlawumbi oku kukuphendula kwiindlela zemozulu zasebusika eziphindaphindayo. Akuyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa yindlela enokwenza ukuba ukubona ii-iguana zisihla ngemvula zisuka emithini kungenzeki rhoqo kwixesha elizayo.
Olu hlengahlengiso kumda wobushushu lukwahambelana nenye into esisiseko: ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu aphakathi enyuka kwihlabathi liphela, Iziqendu zomkhuhlane ogqithisileyo zisenokungabi rhoqo kwiindawo ezithile, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ngakumbi iimeko apho izirhubuluzi zingena khona kule ngxaki iyingozi.
KwiYurophu, ingakumbi eSpain, apho urhwebo lwezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zasemzini luyinto yokwenyani, ezi ziphumo zisisikhumbuzo sokuba Iintlobo ezivelisweyo zinokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nemozulu entshaI-lizard okanye i-iguana ebonakala ingakulungelanga ukusinda ebusika bethu namhlanje, ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuba nokunyamezelana okukhulu, nto leyo eya kwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukuba iyakwazi ukuzinza endle.
Izifundo zeSpain neYurophu xa kujongwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaza abandayo
Nangona iFlorida kunye ne-Iberian Peninsula zingafani ngokupheleleyo nemozulu, okwenzeka kwii-iguana ezikhubazekileyo ngumkhuhlane kunika izikhokelo malunga nendlela ukulawula iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo kwimeko yotshintsho lwemozuluESpain, iziqendu zokuqhambuka komoya eArctic okanye eSiberia zinokubangela iimeko ezimandundu kwizilwanyana eziqhelene neemeko ezipholileyo, zombini ezihlala apho nezingeniswe khona.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingxoxo malunga nezilwanyana zasekhaya ezingaqhelekanga iye yanda eYurophu. Ityala lee-iguana eFlorida libonisa kakuhle umngcipheko wokuba, emva kokubaleka okanye ukukhululwa ngabom, Ezi ntlobo zifumana indawo efanelekileyo kwiipaki, iigadi okanye kwiindawo ezikufutshane nedolophuUkuba imozulu iba shushu ngakumbi ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu, uluhlu lweendawo apho banokuhlala khona luyanda.
Ngokwembono yolawulo, amagunya aseYurophu sele esebenzisa imithetho ethintela ukuba neentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo nokukhululwa kwazoKodwa amava aseFlorida abonisa ukuba ukufundisa uluntu ngendlela yokusabela kwezi zilwanyana, ingakumbi ngexesha leemeko zemozulu embi kakhulu, nako kubalulekile. Uvelwano oluphosakeleyo okanye intshutshiso engakhethiyo ayanelanga: ulwazi olucacileyo kunye neenkqubo ezichazwe kakuhle azifuneki.
Kwinkonzo zezilwanyana zasendle, iziqendu zomkhuhlane omkhulu zinokuveza amathuba kunye nemingeni. Kwelinye icala, Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokunciphisa okwethutyana umsebenzi weentlobo ezithile ezifakiweyo.Oku kwenza kube lula ukubamba okanye ukulawula kwazo. Kwelinye icala, zinokuvelisa imifanekiso eyoyikisayo ekhuthaza iindaba ezisasazwayo ngaphandle komxholo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukudlulisa imiyalezo ezolileyo, eqhutywa yidatha.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu yamaza obushushu aqhelekileyo kodwa kwakhona amakhaza abandayo ngequbuliso ekunzima ukuwaxela kwangaphambiliOkwenzekayo kwii-iguana eFlorida kusisikhumbuzo sokuba izilwanyana zasendle, zemveli okanye ezingaqhelekanga, ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuqonda ezi mpendulo zendalo kwimozulu yenye into ephazamisayo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kokubini kwiinkqubo zendalo nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo.
Le mifanekiso yezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo eziwile phantsi kwemithi yesundu isixelela okuninzi ngebali elingaqhelekanga kodwa ikwasixelela okungakumbi ukuhlalisana okuxineneyo ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo, imozulu embi, kunye nemisebenzi yabantuESpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, amava aseFlorida asebenza njengendawo yokuvavanya iingxaki ezinokuvela ukuba urhwebo lwezilwanyana olungaqhelekanga, ukukhululwa kwezilwanyana ngokungakhathali, kunye nempendulo kwiziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu azilawulwa ngononophelo.