Kukho amawaka eentlobo zezigcawu ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini. Omnye wabo owaziwa kakhulu ngu isigcawu senkamela. Amanye amagama eyaziwa ngawo sisigcawu selanga okanye i-wind scorpion. EMexico inikwe igama elithi matavenados. Eli gama libhekisa kumandla ayo xa isiza ekuhlaseleni ixhoba layo. Esi sigcawu sinemistikhi emininzi kuba ayisosigcawu ngenene.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla kunye neemfihlo zesigcawu bekamela.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Sithetha ngesigcawu esingesosigcawu ngokwaso. Yinto enqabileyo. Akukho nto ngaphandle komyalelo we-arachnids ehlala kakhulu kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. Kwilizwe lethu lifumaneka kwindawo esempuma kwaye kukho i-subspecies yesigcawu sekamela. Noko ke, phezu kwayo nje inkolelo ethandwayo, ezi zilwanyana aziyotyhefu. Zii-arachnids loo nto balinganisa kuphela malunga ne-56 grams kwaye banobungakanani phakathi kwe-1.-15 centimeters. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafikelela kwiminyaka yobudala emalunga nonyaka kwaye indawo yabo yokusabalalisa iseAfrika nakuMbindi Mpuma. Indawo yokuhlala yendalo ifumaneka entlango kunye neendawo ezitshisayo kwaye kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1100 malunga.
Iintlobo zegama elithi Solifugae ukuvela ekubalekeni ilanga. Kwaye kukuba kukuziphatha ezi ntlobo zinemikhwa yasebusuku. Ziyi-arachnids ezifakwe kwi-140 genera yeentlobo ze-1000. Phakathi kweempawu esinazo isigcawu senkamela, siyabona ukuba sisilwanyana esingaqhelekanga kakhulu ekubeni ngaphandle sineqokobhe elimile kwaye sinemithunzi emdaka. Le mibala ivumela ukuba ibe lula ukufihla kwindawo yayo yendalo.
Bonke abo bantu babona isigcawu senkamela ekuqaleni banokubona ukuba sifana ngakumbi ne-scorpion. Oku kungenxa Banamalungu asi-8 kunye neepedipalps ezimbini ezinkulu zokuqhelanisa. Umzimba uhlukaniswe kwi-cephalothorax kunye nesisu. Imbonakalo ecacileyo ngakumbi inokubonwa ngemilomo okanye i-chelicerae. Zezi ziqwenga ezisebenzisayo ukuze ikwazi ukubamba ixhoba layo.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye noluhlu lwesigcawu senkamela
Njengoko sele sichazile ngaphambili, indawo yokusabalalisa isasazwa kwi-Afrika nakuMbindi Mpuma. Izigcawu zenkamela zihlala entlango, isemi-ntlango, kunye neendawo eziphila kuzo.. I-ecosystem kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikhuhla kakhulu, nangona zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezinamathafa kunye neendawo ezinemithi.
Esi sigcawu sigcwele kwiimeko ezome kakhulu apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu axhaphakileyo. Kwaye yeyokuba bayakwazi ukuphila kakuhle njengoko benomthamo ophezulu wokuziqhelanisa. Ezi arachnids zikwazile ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo ukuze ziphile kwizigidi zeminyaka.
inkamela isigcawu etyisa
Sisilwanyana esitya inyama esisebenzisa i-pedipalps ephambi komzimba waso ukugoba ixhoba laso. Ngombulelo kwezi ndlela, ziyakwazi ukuba zizisulu ezisebenzayo kwaye zisekele ukutya kwazo iimpuku ezincinci, amacilikishe, iintaka, oonomeva, iintubi, oonomadudwane kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezincinci. Umdla wesi sigcawu kukuba, ngelixa sisitya ixhoba laso, sikhupha incindi yesisu ukuze siqhekeza inyama. Isebenzisa i-chelicerae ukwahlula amalungu abe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, atyiwayo.
Ngokuphathelele imikhwa yazo yokuzingela, siyabona ukuba zii<em>arachnid zasebusuku ezibaleka elangeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindawo ezihlala kuzo zikholisa ukuba namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye zomile. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka bazingele ebusuku. Nangona zininzi iintsomi ngesi sigcawu, asiyongozi kwaphela ebantwini. Nangona ikhona inokuba buhlungu, ayimeli nayiphi na ingozi engaphaya kwentlungu encinci.
ukuzala kunye nokuziphatha
Ukuveliswa kwayo i-oviparous kwaye ithathwa njengezilwanyana ezingenayo i-univoltine. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuveliswa kwazo kuya kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ukukhwela imazi, inkunzi inokuzibetha ngayo okanye ifake amadlozi kumqolo welungu lebhinqa. Ukwenza oku, isebenzisa i-chelicerae yayo. Kwisetingi nganye, imazi inokumitha phakathi kwamaqanda angama-50-200 abaphethe ukhuselo phantsi kwamawa okanye kwiindawo ezibandayo nezimnyama. Ezi ndawo zikhethwa yimazi ukuze zikwazi ukukhusela amantshontsho kwaye amaqanda akwazi ukuqandusela kwimeko entle.
Into enomdla ngesigcawu senkamela kukuba imazi iqhela ukutya ukutya okuninzi kakhulu phambi kokuba ikhwelane. Lo mkhwa wenziwa ukuze udale kwaye ufumane amanqatha omzimba awaneleyo ukuze ubukho bakho. Kwaye kukuba, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba imazi ayiwushiyi umngxuma de amaqanda aqanduselwe. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana ukutya. Oku kwenza ukuba ube noovimba bomzimba ukuze uphile.
Siza kuhlalutya ukuziphatha kwesigcawu seenwele. Aziqhelekanga kakhulu ukubonwa ekukhanyeni kwelanga, nangona zinamandla amakhulu kunye namandla. Zii-arachnids ezinesantya esikhulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-16 ngeyure. Bangabakhweli abalungileyo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, babonisa umsebenzi ophezulu we-metabolism kubomi babo bonke, ngoko ukuziphatha kwabo kuyakhawuleza ngakumbi. Esi sizathu sokuba kutheni ixesha lokuphila libe ngunyaka omnye kuphela kwiimeko ezilungileyo. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba inokuba ngaphezu konyaka.
Kubo bonke ubukho bayo ineendawo ezili-9 zokuchitha ukuvuselela ulusu lwayo.
Iintsomi kunye neenyaniso malunga nesigcawu senkamela
Njengoko sibonile kulo lonke eli nqaku, sisigcawu esizaliswe ziintsomi ngaso. Ezinye iintsomi ziye zabenza baduma kakubi. Kucingelwa ukuba ezi zilwanyana zinkulu ngokumangalisayo kwaye zazikwazi ukutofa ubuthi bazo ukusa kwinqanaba lokufa. Inyaniso kukuba ayinamadlala anetyhefu kwi-chelicerae kwaye ihlaba, nangona ingaba buhlungu, ayibulali.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesigcawu senkamela kunye neempawu zayo.