- Iikorale zibonisa isigqi sokuphumla ebusuku esifana nesokulala komntu, nangona zingenaso inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukusebenzisana ne-photosynthetic algae kuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative emini olulungiswa yi-coral ngexesha "lokulala" kwayo.
- Ukuphumla kwekorale ebusuku kugcina ubudlelwane phakathi kwesilwanyana nesilwanyana buzinzile kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba buqale kwangethuba kakhulu ekuveleni kwezilwanyana.
- Ukuqonda ezi rhythms zangaphakathi kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ulondolozo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwee-coral reefs.
Xa sicinga ngokulala, phantse sihlala sicinga... izilwanyana ezincancisayo, iintaka, okanye nezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayoSicinga ngeengqondo ezintsonkothileyo ezicima izibane ukuze zigcine amandla kwaye zilungise umonakalo. Kodwa kuthekani ngezinto eziphilayo ezingenazo nee-neurons, ezifana neekorale? Ngaba zifumana nantoni na efana nokuphumla ebusuku, okanye zihlala zisebenza, emini nasebusuku, njengeemishini zebhayoloji?
Uphando lwesayensi lwakutshanje luye lwayishukumisa le ngcamango ngokubonisa ukuba Iikorale nazo “zilala”Nangona bengenalo inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nengqondo, ukuphumla kwabo akufani nokwethu ngokwendlela abaziphatha ngayo (abavali amehlo abo okanye balale phantsi, ewe), kodwa kwinqanaba lebhayoloji balandela umjikelo ocacileyo wokulala nokuvuka oquka utshintsho olukhulu kwiijini zabo, imetabolism yabo, kunye nolwalamano lwabo neentsholongwane ezihlala ngaphakathi kubo.
Iikorali nazo ziyalala: yintoni kanye kanye efunyenweyo
Iqela le I-Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, iziko elidibeneyo le-CSIC-UPF) Kuye kwabonakala ukuba iikorali zibonisa imeko yokuphumla ebusuku efana kakhulu, ngokwexesha, naleyo ifunyanwa ngabantu. Ngokukodwa, iikorali zobuchopho. I-Pseudodiploria strigosa, umhlali weengqaqa zaseCaribbean, udlula kufutshane ne isithathu semini "kwimo yokuphumla", malunga neeyure ezisibhozo ebusuku.
Okumangalisayo kukuba le nto yenzeka nangona ikorale ingenalo inkqubo yemithambo-luvoOko kukuthi, ayinazo ii-neurons okanye izakhiwo zobuchopho ezilungelelanisa ubuthongo njengoko kwenzeka kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo okanye kwezinye izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zayo zilandela i- isingqisho se-circadian esichazwe kakuhle, ilawulwa kukutshintshana kokukhanya nobumnyama, okubonisa ukuba lixesha lokuba usebenze kwaye lixesha lokulungisa.
Olu phononongo lupapashwe kwijenali Umgcini weSeli kunye neMicrobe kwaye yayikhokelwa liqela lophando le UJavier del Camponge UBradley Allen Weiler njengombhali wokuqala. Bobabini bagxininisa ukuba le lixesha lokuqala indlela yokulala nokuvuka ibhalwe ngokucacileyo kangaka kwi izilwanyana ezingenayo inkqubo yemithambo-luvokwaye nakwiimeko zendalo, ngqo kwi-reef.
Olu fumaniso luzisa etafileni ingcamango enamandla: Ukulala kungaba yindlela yakudala kakhulu yokuzivelela kwezintoLe nkqubo iqale kwangaphambi kokuvela kobuchopho. Endaweni yokuba idityaniswe nengqondo okanye ingqondo kuphela, ukuphumla kwezinto eziphilayo kunxulumene kakhulu nokulungiswa kweeseli kunye nokugcinwa kobudlelwane bobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo.
Uphononongo lwenziwa phi kwaye njani: ulwandle lwaseCaribbean njengelebhu
Ukuze bafumanise ukuba iikorale ziyalala na, abaphandi baye ulwalwa oluphilayo lwesiqithi saseCuraçao, kuLwandle lweCaribbean. Apho bakhetha amakoloni ezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"brain coral", I-Pseudodiploria strigosa, ephawuleka kakhulu ngemiqolo yayo kunye neemilo ezigobileyo, kwaye bafunde neempawu zayo, ezinye i-microalgae yohlobo lweBreviolum ezihlala ngaphakathi kwiiseli zazo.
Uyilo lomsebenzi belulula ukuluchaza kwaye belunzima nokulwenza: iqela lenze untywila rhoqo emva kweeyure ezintandathu kangangeentsuku ezintathu ezilandelelanayoBenobunzulu obuziimitha ezintlanu, bathabatha iisampulu zekorale kunye ne-microbiome yayo. Ngale ndlela, bakwazile ukugubungela lonke umjikelo weeyure ezingama-24, bethatha okwenzekayo kusasa, emini, ngokuhlwa, nasebusuku.
Kwisampulu nganye bahlalutye imbonakalo yofuzoOko kukuthi, zeziphi iijini ezazisebenza kwi-coral kunye neentsholongwane zayo ngexesha ngalinye lemini. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuba luhlalutyo lwe-transcriptomic, ivumele abaphandi ukuba babone ngokweenkcukacha indlela iinkqubo zangaphakathi zebhayoloji ezitshintsha ngayo ngokuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni okanye ebumnyameni.
Idatha ityhile i iphethini yobusuku ephawulwe kakhulu Kwi-host ye-coral: ebusuku ii-genes ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kwe-DNA, ukugcinwa kweeseli kunye nokuphendula komonakalo kwavuselelwa, ngelixa emini iinkqubo ezinxulumene ne-metabolism kunye nokusebenzisana ne-photosynthetic algae zazilawula.
UWeiler ushwankathele iziphumo ngokucacileyo: I-P. strigosa “ilala” isithathu seminiNjengokuba abantu abaninzi belala malunga neeyure ezisibhozo, iwotshi yabo yebhayoloji, okanye isigqi se-circadian, ixhomekeke ngokuqinileyo kumjikelo wokukhanya nobumnyama, nangona kungekho ngqondo iphambili elawulayo.
Iikorale kunye ne-microalgae: intsebenziswano iluncedo nangona iyingozi
Ngaphakathi kwiiseli zekorale kuhlala uluntu i-microalgae ye-photosyntheticikakhulu yohlobo lweentlobo I-BreviolumOlu lwalamano luyinto symbiosis mutualisticZombini izinto eziphilayo ziyazuza. I-algae ifumana indawo yokuhlala kunye nezondlo, ngelixa i-coral ifumana iimveliso ze-photosynthesis, ingakumbi ii-organic compounds eziyinika amandla.
Ngexesha lasemini, i-algae yenza i-photosynthesis enamandlaZide zinike uninzi lwamandla afunekayo ukuze ikorale ikhule, yenze ulusu lwayo olune-calcareous, kwaye igcine izicubu zayo zikwimeko entle. Le ntsebenziswano isondelelene kakhulu kangangokuba, ngaphandle kwe-symbionts zazo, iikorale ezininzi bezingenakukwazi ukwakha amaqokobhe azo. iingqaqa ezinkulu ukuba siyazi.
Nangona kunjalo, esi "sivumelwano" siza neenguqu. I-Photosynthesis, ukongeza ekuveliseni iiswekile kunye nezinye izondlo, ivelisa iintlobo zeoksijini ezisebenzayoEzi ziimolekyuli ezingazinzanga kakhulu ezinokonakalisa iiproteni, ii-lipids, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, i-DNA yeeseli zekorale. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidativeimeko ethi, ukuba ayijongwanga, ekugqibeleni yonakalise izicubu.
Abaphandi bayichaza le meko ngezifaniso ezicacileyo kakhulu: i-algae ehambelanayo ifana ne- Umpheki obalaseleyo ozalisa itafile yakho ngokutyaKodwa kwangaxeshanye, ingqubana nefenitshala ize iphule izitya. Ikorale ifumana inzuzo enkulu enamandla, kodwa ikwafumana umonakalo omkhulu ekufuneka iwulungise rhoqo ukuze ithintele ukuba ubudlelwane bungabi yityhefu.
Kulapho ke kungena khona ukuphumla ebusuku. Xa ilanga litshona kwaye i-photosynthesis iyeka, i-coral inethuba lokwenza njalo. sebenzisa iindlela zokulungisa ngaphandle "kwengxolo" yemetabolism yaloo mini. Kukule xesha lobumnyama apho ubuchwephesha bayo bangaphakathi bugxile ekulungiseni i-DNA, ekwakheni kwakhona izicubu, nasekulungiseni ibhalansi kunye neentsholongwane.
Zenza ntoni iikorale kunye neentsholongwane zazo emini nasebusuku?
Idatha yophando ibonise ukuba ikorale ilandela umjikelo wangaphakathi ocwangciswe kakuhleapho ixesha ngalinye lemini linemisebenzi yalo ephambili yezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, ekuzeni kokusa, kwafunyaniswa ukunyuka okukhulu kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene I-metabolism ye-RNA kunye nokuqaliswa kwakhona komsebenzi weseli emva "kobusuku bokulungiswa." Kufana nokuba inkqubo iqala kwakhona, ilungele olunye usuku lwe-photosynthesis kunye ne-symbiosis enamandla.
Njengoko imini iqhubeka kwaye ilanga lisondela, izinto eziza kuqala ziyatshintsha. Ngeli xesha, kukho utshintsho olubonakalayo kwi i-lipid kunye ne-amino acid metabolism, ebonisa ulawulo lwamandla aveliswa yi-algae kunye nohlengahlengiso oluncinci olufunekayo ukugcina i-homeostasis yezicubu ze-coral.
Ebusuku, ingakumbi xa kusondele ezinzulwini zobusuku, ugxininiso lutshintshela kwizakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene iimpendulo zoxinzelelo, ulungelelwaniso lwe-mitochondrial, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-DNAEli lixesha apho ikorale ingena kwimeko yomsebenzi ophantsi we-metabolic, kodwa kugxininiswa kakhulu "ekulungiseni" umonakalo weseli obangelwa yimini.
Ngelixa konke oku kusenzeka kumgcini-ndlu, i-coral microbiome Ilandela indlela yayo. I-microalgae kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinxulumene nayo ziyayeka ukwenza i-photosynthesizing xa kungekho kukhanya, kodwa zigcina eminye imisebenzi yeselula esebenzayo nezinzileyoKubonakala ngathi azidingi kuphumla kangako njengekorale, kuba umsebenzi wazo wasebusuku awuvelisi nqanaba lifanayo loxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.
Olu lwahlulo lwemisebenzi lubalulekile: iikorale ziyaphumla kwaye ziyalungisa, ngelixa ii-symbionts zazo ziqhubeka nokusebenza ngasemva, zigcina uluntu lweentsholongwane. Isiphumo sisiphumo inkqubo engayekiyo ngokupheleleyokodwa itshintsha ukubaluleka kweenkqubo ngokwexesha losuku ukukhusela ubudlelwane obuphakathi.
Kutheni singathetha "ngokulala" kwisilwanyana esingenazo ii-neurons?
Kungabonakala kumangalisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "lala" kwisilwanyana esingenalo kwaphela. Inkqubo ye-nerve ephakathiNangona kunjalo, i-biology yokulala ayithatheli ingqalelo kuphela kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo, kodwa neepateni zangaphakathi: ukutshintshana kwemini nobusuku, amaxesha omsebenzi ophantsi, amanqanaba anikezelwe ekulungiseni, utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olujikelezayo, njl.
Kwimeko yekorale, ixesha lasebusuku libonwa apho umsebenzi uwonke uphantsiI-metabolism iqondiswa ekulungiseni umonakalo, kwaye iindlela ezithile zeemolekyuli ziyavuselelwa ukuze kubuyiselwe i-DNA echaphazelekileyo luxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lwasemini. Konke oku kuhambelana nenkcazo ebanzi yokulala njenge imeko ephindaphindayo yokuphumla nokubuyiselwa kwinqanaba leeseli kunye nelomzimba.
Ababhali bolu phononongo ngokwabo bagxininisa ukuba sihlala sithatha lula into yokuba zizilwanyana ezinengqondo kuphela ezifuna ukulala kuba sidibanisa ukulala... ingqondo, inkumbulo, okanye amaphuphaNangona kunjalo, ngokuyintloko, ukulala lixesha apho umzimba uzihlela ngokutsha, ulungisa umonakalo, kwaye uqalise kwakhona iinkqubo zangaphakathi ukuze ujongane nexesha elilandelayo lomsebenzi.
Ngokwale mbono, imeko yeekorale ifanelekile kakhulu: nangona kungekho zi-neurons, kukho isingqisho sangaphakathi esilungelelanisiweyo elawula ukuba zeziphi imisebenzi ezenziwa emini kwaye zeziphi ezigxile ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwako konke, kukho umsebenzi ocacileyo wokubuyisela ebusuku apho ngaphandle kwawo ukusebenzisana ne-algae kuya kuba yingozi.
Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi usimema ukuba sandise umbono wethu ngento esiyiqondayo ngokulala kwaye siqwalasele oko ukuphumla kwezinto eziphilayo Inokuba ziintlobo ngeentlobo, ezinye zazo zahluke kakhulu koko sikuqhelileyo ukubona kwizilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo.
Indlela yakudala kakhulu yokuzivelela kwezinto ekulawuleni ubomi ngokusebenzisana
Esinye sezona miyalezo zinamandla ezivela kolu phando kukuba ukulala kungaba yinto uphawu lwakudala kakhulu kwimbali yobomi bezilwanyana. Endaweni yokuba yinto entsha ekhethekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezineengqondo, ngeyayivele njengecebo lokulawula ukuguguleka okubangelwa yimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi ubudlelwane bokubambisana.
Ababhali bacebisa ukuba, amakhulu okanye amawaka ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iintsholongwane ezithile zaba bavaleleke ngaphakathi kwiiseli zezilwanyana zakudala kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela unxulumano olusondeleyo olufana nolu silubonayo namhlanje phakathi kwekorale kunye ne-algae yayo. Olu budlelwane abuyonjongo okanye "aluyilwanga," kodwa lugcinwa kuba lukho. ukuxolelaniswa kunye nokulinganisela ezilungisa iziphumo zazo ezimbi.
Kule meko, umjikelo umsebenzi onzima wasemini kunye nokuphumla ebusuku Oku bekuya kuba sisisombululo esisebenzayo kakhulu: emini, ii-symbionts zivelisa amandla, nangona zivelisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative; ebusuku, umninimzi ugxila ekulungiseni umonakalo kunye nokubuyisela ukuthembeka kweeseli zakhe.
Le ngcinga ihambelana noko kwaziwayo ngezinye izinto eziphilayo: phantse zonke izinto eziphilayo, ukususela kwiibhaktheriya ukuya ebantwini, zibonisa uhlobo oluthile isingqisho sangaphakathi ehlela iinkqubo zayo zebhayoloji ngokwemijikelo yendalo eqikelelweyo efana nemini nobusuku. Ngaloo ndlela, ukungalali kweekorale kuya kuba lolunye uphawu lwale ndlela yendalo yonke.
UDel Campo uyishwankathela ngebinzana elinamandla: Zonke izinto eziphilayo kufuneka zizilungise ngokwazonokuba banazo ii-neurons okanye abanazo. Ukuseka isigqi esiququzelela olu lungiso yindlela endala kakhulu nephumelele kakhulu yokuzivelela kwezinto, eye yavumela ubudlelwane obunzima, obufana nobo be-coral kunye ne-microalgae, ukuba buqhubeke ixesha elide.
Iziphumo zokulondolozwa kweengqaqa kunye notshintsho lwemozulu
Ngaphaya komdla wesayensi, ukwazi ukuba iikorale zinee imijikelo yokulala kunye nokulungiswa ebusuku Oku kunemiphumo ebonakalayo ngexesha elibalulekileyo kwiilwandle. Iingqaqa zekorale zisengozini ngenxa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ukwanda kwe-asidi yolwandle, ungcoliseko kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, nto leyo ebangela iziganeko zokubola okukhulu kunye nokufa.
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo i-physiology yekoraleUkuqonda iikorale, kuquka imijikelo yazo ye-circadian kunye ne-microbiome dynamics, kubalulekile ekuyileni iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezisebenza kakuhle. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zangoku zikhulisa iikorale kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo okanye kwiilebhu (ex) ukuze emva koko baphinde bazifake elwandle, kwaye ukuphinda bazale iimeko zabo zendalo kukwabandakanya ukuhlonipha imijikelo yokukhanya, ubumnyama kunye nokuphumla.
Ukuba siyazi ukuba ikorale ifuna ixesha elide lobusuku ukuze ukulungisa umonakalo we-oxidative Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubangelwa zii-symbionts zazo emini, kuyavakala ukulungisa ukukhanya, ubushushu, kunye nezinye izinto kwiindawo zokuzalela ukuze kungaphazamisi olu "tshintsho lolondolozo." Ngaphandle koko, sinokubangela uxinzelelo olungapheliyo oluchaphazela impilo yazo yexesha elide.
Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lophando lunceda ukuqonda ngcono indlela Iintsholongwane zinefuthe kwindlela izilwanyana ezisabela ngayo kutshintsho lwemozuluUlungelelwano phakathi kwe-coral kunye ne-symbiotic algae lubuthathaka kakhulu: xa ubushushu bamanzi bunyuka kakhulu, uxinzelelo luyanda kwaye i-symbiosis inokwaphuka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhanyeni kwe-coral.
Ukuqonda iindlela zangaphakathi zokuziqhelanisa, ezinje ngale ubuthongo obuhle bobusukuOku kungabaluleka kakhulu ekuboneni ukuba zeziphi iintlobo okanye amaqela aza kumelana ngakumbi, kunye nokukhetha nokukhulisa iintlobo zeekorale kunye nee-symbionts ezilungele iimeko zolwandle ezizayo.
Ukucinga ngokutsha ngobudlelwane bokulala kunye nobudlelwane bokuxhasana kwindalo
Ukufunyanwa kokuba iikorale zilala ngendlela yazo kusinyanzela ukuba sicinge ngokutsha ngezimvo esasizithatha lula malunga ubuthongo kunye nobunzima bezilwanyanaKusikhumbuza ukuba iingcamango esasicinga ukuba zidibene nobuchopho obuphambili zinokuba neengcambu ezinzulu kakhulu, ezinxulumene nesidingo esilula sokugcina iiseli ziphilile; iindlela zokulala nazo zichazwe kwezinye iintlobo zaselwandle, ezifana iilwandle.
Ikwagxila ekubalulekeni kwe ubudlelwane be-symbioticOlu lwalamano lusondeleyo phakathi kweentlobo zezilwanyana ludla ngokuxhasa yonke indalo. Kwimeko yeekorale, oku kukubambisana ne-algae. I-Breviolum Yisiseko seengqaqa zaseTropiki, izixeko eziphantsi kwamanzi ezigcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubona ukuba iphupha lekorale lisebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, gcina iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zingabikho Olu lwalamano luvula indlela entsha yokutolika ubudlelwane phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo nezinye izilwanyana, ukusuka kwezo zichaphazela izilwanyana zaselwandle ezingenamqolo ukuya kwiindawo zeebhaktheriya ezihlala emathunjini ethu.
Lo msebenzi, ngamafutshane, usimema ukuba sicinge ngokulala njengento Isivumelwano esingathethiyo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye namaqabane azo amancinciIxesha lokuphumla apho imida yokuphila ndawonye okuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu, kodwa kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lweendleko zako, ixoxwa rhoqo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ngokuchanekileyo ngabo Iikorali, abakhi ababalaseleyo beenkqubo zendalo zaselwandleAbo basifundisa esi sifundo. Ngaphantsi kwembonakalo yabo enganyakaziyo nethuleyo, iiwotshi zebhayoloji ezilungiswe kakuhle ziyabetha, zikwazi ukulungelelanisa iijini, iintsholongwane, kunye nemijikelo yokusingqongileyo ukuze, qho kusasa, umatshini we-symbiosis uqale kwakhona entliziyweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yeplanethi.