- Ukuvulwa kweMyuziyam yangaphantsi kwamanzi yeSonoran Artificial Reef System eSan Carlos Bay.
- Ukutshona okulawulwayo kwenqanawa yangaphambili i-"Corrientes" kunye nezinye izinto zomkhosi waselwandle njengesiseko sengqaqa enkulu yokwenziwa.
- Ukhenketho lwezolwandle kunye neprojekthi yokuntywila enoxanduva kunye nenxalenye enamandla yolondolozo lolwandle kunye nemfundo yokusingqongileyo.
- Ukuphucula ngaxeshanye ukuphuculwa kwePort of Guaymas ukuze kuqiniswe uphuhliso loqoqosho lwalo mmandla.
ISan Carlos Bay, kumasipala waseGuaymas (eSonora), iye yaba yenye yeendawo iilebhu ezibalaseleyo zolondolozo lolwandle kunye nokhenketho oluzinzileyo yalo mmandla, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwemyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi eyakhiwe ngeenqanawa kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngolwandle eziye zayeka ukusebenza.
Le entsha IMyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi yeSonoran Artificial Reef System (SAAS) Yenziwe ngenjongo ezimbini: ukubuyisela indalo eyonakeleyo kunye nokubonelela ngendawo yokutsala abo baqhelisela ukuntywila, ukuntywila emanzini kunye nokhenketho lwesayensi, konke oku kunenjongo yokushenxa kwiimodeli zokhenketho ezihlaselayo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Imyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi eSan Carlos Bay
Le projekthi iphuhliswe yi- Unobhala weNavy ngokusebenzisa iNavy yaseMexico, ngokubambisana noRhulumente waseSonora kunye noMphathiswa wezoKhenketho, njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sexesha elide sokukhusela izixhobo zaselwandle kunye nokuqinisa inkcubeko yaselwandle kweli lizwe.
Ukuvulwa ngokusesikweni kweMyuziyam yaNgaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kwesigaba esitsha senkqubo yeengqaqa kwenzeke ngexesha lomsitho obubanjelwe kwi ISan Carlos Bay, ejongene nentaba iTetakawi edumileyoukhwele inqanawa ethi “Usumacinta”. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe nguMongameli waseMexico, uNobhala woMkhosi woLwandle, iRhuluneli yaseSonora, kunye nabameli abavela kumacandelo oluntu, omkhosi wolwandle, omkhosi, kunye noshishino.
Ngexesha lomsitho, oku kulandelayo kwenzeke: umsitho wokusikwa kweribhoni kwimyuziyam kunye nokutshona okulawulwayo kwenqanawa yangaphambili i-“Corrientes”, inqanawa yokugada elunxwemeni eyakhiwe ngo-1953 kwindawo yokuthutha iinqanawa iCoast Guard Yard eCurtis Bay, eMaryland (eUnited States), eyafakwa kwiMexican Navy ngo-1990 yaza yayekiswa ukusebenza ngo-2022.
Ividiyo eboniswe abantu ababekho ityhileke yonke inkqubo yobugcisa ebandakanyekayo ekuguquleni inqanawa ibe yingqaqaUkususela ekulungisweni kwayo kwangaphambili ukuya ekuntywilisweni kokugqibela, kugxininiswa amanyathelo okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcola nokuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sisebenza njengenkxaso yezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Yenziwa njani iSonoran Artificial Reef System?
IMyuziyam yangaphantsi kwamanzi ayisiyo nje inqanawa eyaphukileyo, kodwa yeyona nto ibonakalayo inkqubo yokwenziwa kweengqaqa ezakhiwe ngokwamanqanaba Ukususela ngo-2022. I-SAAS yaqala ngokutshona kwenqanawa yangaphambili i-“Santos” (PO106), eyaqala ukusebenza njengendawo yokukhosela iintlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, izakhiwo ezintsha zongezwe, zenza isakhiwo saselwandle esidibanisa iinqanawa, iinqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zomkhosiPhakathi kwezinto esele zidibene, ezi zilandelayo zivelele:
- Iinqanawa ezine eziphambili: Santos PO106, Suchiate BI-05, PC-208 “De la Fuente” kunye ne “Eltanin”.
- Inqanawa yangaphambili i-“Corrientes”, kutshanje izikile ukuze ijoyine inkqubo.
- Inqwelo-moya ephethe inqwelo-moya kunye nehelikopta yoMkhosi wamanzi waseMexico.
- Isithuthi esihamba emanzini kunye neenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zeemfazwe zaselwandle.
Lilonke, inkqubo sele inoxanduva izakhiwo ezilishumi ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kwezilishumi kwezilishumi elinesihlanu ezazicwangcisiwe ekuqaleniOku kubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kweprojekthi engaphezulu kwama-70% ecwangciselwe eli nqanaba lokuqala.
Ngaphezu koko, imyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi ngokwayo iceba ukuhlanganisa Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo engama-25 eyongezelelweyo kunye nezinto zakudala, ibekwe kubunzulu obunganzulu ukuze kube lula ukufikelela kuyo ngokuntywila emanzini kunye nokuntywila ngokuzonwabisa, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukunikezelwa kweendwendwe kunye nabadlali.
Indawo yokukhosela amawaka eentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle
Injongo eyintloko ye-SAAS kukuba ukudala iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo zezityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle kunxweme olusesichengeni kakhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye noxinzelelo lwabantu. Apho ulwandle lwalukhe lwanezakhiwo ezimbalwa zendalo, namhlanje isinyithi seenqanawa kunye neenqwelo-moya ezingasenamkhosi sisebenza njengenkxaso ye-algae, iikorale, kunye noluntu lonke lwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe ziigunya zikarhulumente, oku kulandelayo sele kuchongiwe kufutshane nolwalwa lokwenziwa: malunga ne-9.000 yeentlanzi kunye neentlobo ezilishumi zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo ubuncinanekubalwe iisampulu ezimalunga nama-2.000. Uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezibonwayo luquka iisardine, iioyster, iiporgy, iigrunt, iingwane, ibhabhathane le-coral, iistarfish, kunye ne-yellow snapper, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo.
Le nkqubo intsha yezendalo ayikhuthazi nje kuphela ukuzala nokukhusela izinto eziphilayo zaselwandlekodwa ikwanciphisa uxinzelelo kwiingqaqa zendalo ezikufutshane, ezichaphazeleka kukuloba kakhulu, amanzi afudumeleyo kunye nokonakaliswa kolwandle.
Umkhosi wamanzi waseMexico ngokwawo ugxininisa ukuba inkqubo yeengqaqa sele ihlanganisiwe njenge enye yezona projekthi zibalulekileyo zolondolozo lolwandle kunye nokhenketho oluzinzileyo kweli lizwengokuqinisekisa ukuba iinqanawa ezazikade zijikeleza umphezulu ziyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkonzo kawonke-wonke, ngoku njengeendawo zokubalekela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.
Ukhenketho lolwandle olunoxanduva kunye nophuhliso lwengingqi
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zale projekthi kukuzibophelela ukhenketho lwenqanawa olukude kakhulu nezenzo zokuphangaInjongo esemthethweni kukuba imyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi isebenze njengendawo yokuntywila ngokuzonwabisa, uhambo olukhokelwayo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ngokusingqongileyo ezivelisa ingeniso ngaphandle kokonakalisa okusingqongileyo.
Ukuntywila emanzini, ukuntywila ngobuchwephesha, kunye notyelelo lophando kucwangcisiwe njengoko iindlela zoqoqosho ezizezinye zoluntu lwaseGuaymas naseSan Carlosukufaka isandla ekudalweni kwemisebenzi ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo kunye nokuqinisa imixokelelwane yemveliso yale ndawo (ukusuka kwiinqanawa zokuxhasa ukuya kwiinkonzo zokhenketho ezincedisayo).
Le ndlela ibeka i-SAAS njenge inqaku elibalulekileyo ekutshintsheni kwindlela yokhenketho eqonda ngakumbiapho eyona nto inomtsalane kukujonga iindawo eziphilayo ezibuyiselweyo, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezixhobo zaselwandle. Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba olu khenketho "alulolwabantu abatya ezinye izilwanyana", oluhambelana nomdla welizwe wolwandle kunye neenjongo zozinzo.
Kwangaxeshanye, imyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi isondeza uluntu oluqhelekileyo umsebenzi woMkhosi woLwandle kunye noluntu lwezenzululwazikungekuphela nje ngokwembono yokhuseleko okanye uncedo elwandle, kodwa nakwimbono yenkcubeko, ukusasazwa kunye nokuzonwabisa okunenkathalo, okuqinisa ulwalamano phakathi kweziko lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nabemi.
Ubukhulu bemfundo nesayensi yemyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi
Ngaphandle kwamava abakhenkethi, iprojekthi yeMyuziyam yangaphantsi kwamanzi ithathwa njenge igumbi lokufundela elingaphandle leenkqubo zemfundo yokusingqongileyoIzikolo, iiyunivesithi kunye namaqela akhethekileyo angasebenzisa iingqaqa zokwenziwa njengendawo yokufunda iinkqubo zokufumana indawo yokuhlala, ukuguquguquka kwenani labantu kunye nemiphumo yokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweenqanawa, iinqwelo-moya, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kubunzulu obahlukeneyo kwenza kube lula bobabini abantywila abanamava kunye nabantu abanamava amancinci banokujongana neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ngolwalathiso lobuchwephesha, benciphisa iingozi kwaye beqinisekisa ukuhlonitshwa kweentlobo.
Ukubeka iliso lobuchwephesha kwi-SAAS kuvumela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha. ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela iinkqubo zendalo ezikunxweme ezisabela ngayo kolu hlobo lokungenelela. Ukwanda kokubakho kweentlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kunye nokungena ngokukhawuleza kweentlanzi eziphila kwi-algae kunye ne-sessile, kusebenza njengophawu lwempilo yolwandle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesicwangciso.
Olu hlobo lweenkqubo, nangona ziphuhliswe kakhulu eMexico, Zinomdla kwiinethiwekhi zophando lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka nezaseYurophu, ezifunda iimodeli ezinokusetyenziswa ekulawuleni iindawo ezonakaliswe yiMeditera okanye iAtlantiki.
Iprojekthi enxulumene nokuphuculwa kwePort of Guaymas
Ukwandiswa kweMyuziyam yaNgaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nenkqubo yeengqaqa kuncediswa yi Ukwandiswa kunye nokuphuculwa kwePort of GuaymasUmongameli waseMexico usebenzise ithuba lokutyelela kwakhe eSonora ukuze ajonge le misebenzi, eyenziwa yiNational Port System Administration (ASIPONA). Le projekthi ijolise ekwandiseni amandla okusebenza kwezibuko.
Olu tyalo-mali lucwangcisiweyo lujolise ekubekeni iGuaymas njengelizwe indawo ephambili yezothutho kunye nezorhwebo kweli lizwe, elikwaziyo ukutsala iiprojekthi ezintsha zothutho lwaselwandle kunye notyalo-mali lwabucala, olunefuthe ekudalweni kwemisebenzi kunye nokukhuphisana kwengingqi.
Abasemagunyeni baveza olu didi lwe iziseko zophuhliso zezibuko zanamhlanje kunye nolondolozo lolwandle njengombono opheleleyo wophuhliso: kwelinye icala, indima yezoqoqosho yezibuko iyaqiniswa; kwelinye icala, ilifa lendalo lechweba likhuselwe kwaye liphuculwe ngemyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi kunye ne-archi yokwenziwa.
Okwangoku, uhambo lukamongameli kulo mmandla luquke ukuvulwa kohola wendlela iBavispe-Nuevo Casas GrandesLe projekthi ijolise ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano phakathi kweSonora neChihuahua, iququzelele ukuhamba emhlabeni kwaye ihambelane nesicwangciso esibanzi sokudityaniswa komhlaba kumantla elizwe.
Ngokutshona kwenqanawa yangaphambili i-“Corrientes”, ukuhlanganiswa kweSonoran Artificial Reef System kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwiPort of Guaymas, iBay of San Carlos izibeka kwindawo yayo. umzekelo wendlela yokudibanisa ulondolozo lolwandle, ukhenketho olunoxanduva kunye nophuhliso loqoqoshoImyuziyam engaphantsi kwamanzi, esekwinqanaba lokukhula kwayo, sele iqalile ukuguqula imeko-bume engaphantsi kwamanzi kwaye inika amathuba amatsha kuluntu oluselunxwemeni, ngenjongo yomzekelo olungeleleneyo nohloniphekileyo wokusetyenziswa kolwandle kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
