Ubukumkani bezilwanyana bubonakaliswa ngokungabi nodidi olunye kwisilwanyana ngasinye, kodwa ezininzi zazo. Ngoko ke, kwimeko yeembovane, sinokufumana ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo, imbovane engumchweli, ngempazamo wanxulumana neentubi ezoyikekayo (ngaphandle kokufana.
Kodwa, yintoni imbovane yomchweli? Uhlala phi? Zitya ntoni? Uya kufumanisa oku nokunye okuninzi ngezantsi.
Iimpawu zembovane yomchweli
Imbovane yomchweli, igama lenzululwazi iCamponotus, eneneni yimbovane esinokufumana kuyo iintlobo ezili-12 ezahlukeneyo. Bonke benza ikoloni emthini, kodwa umbala wabo, imilo kunye nobukhulu bayo buhluka ngokweentlobo. Ngoko ungayifumana iimbovane ezimdaka, ezimnyama, ze-chestnut, njl. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani, kuqhelekile ukuba balinganise ukuya kwi-9mm (kodwa banokulinganisa ukuya kuma-20mm kwimbovane eyindlovukazi). Okokugqibela, imilo yayo yahluke kakhulu kuba kukho iimbovane ezifana neziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye ezahlukileyo emzimbeni wazo.
Into abanayo njengempawu kukuba bagqunywe ngeenwele ezintle kakhulu. Oku kunomsebenzi wokukhusela, kuba usebenza ukuze i-microorganisms ingabahlaseli. Ukongeza, kwinxalenye yentloko, ngakumbi ngokuthe ngqo kwinto eya kuba "ubuso" bakhe, banayo imihlathi emikhulu, eyomeleleyo kwaye inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukukwazi ukuqhekeza iinkuni kunye nokwenza imingxuma kuyo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/ants/zombie-ant/»]
Su ubomi obulindelekileyo busuka kwi-7 iminyaka kwezinye iimbovane, ukuya kutsho 25 ukuba imbovane ukumkanikazi angaphila.
umchweli imbovane vs iintubi
Nangona imbovane yomchweli nentubi zisenokubonakala zifana, azinjalo. Inyaniso, eyona nto bafana ngayo kukuba bobabini bathanda iinkuni.
Kodwa, ngelixa umntu ethanda ukuyidla (iintubi) kwaye ziphila kwaye ngenxa yoko, kwimeko yembovane yomchweli ukulangazelela kwabo iinkuni kukwakha indawo yokuhlala ngaphakathi kuyo ukuze baphile. Ngamanye amazwi, imbovane yomchweli ayiwudli umthi, kodwa “iyawuqingqa” ukuze ihlale ngaphakathi kwawo.
Ngenxa yoko, kwindawo ezihlala kuyo ezi imbovane zifumaneka phakathi kweziqu zemithi, apho zizakhela khona iindlwane zazo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Imbovane yomchweli inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kodwa Ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwekazi aseMelika naseYurophu.
Indawo yayo yendalo ifumaneka kwiindawo ezifumileyo ezinobukho obuninzi bemithi, nokuba ingamahlathi okanye imithi yodwa. Bayakwazi ukudala "iipasiji" ngokhuni lwemithi ngendlela yokuba baqhube ikholoni yabo ngaphakathi komthi okanye umthi.
Iintlobo zeembovane zokuchwela
Ngaphakathi kwikoloni leembovane zokuchwela, kukho iindima ezininzi, kwaye oko kuchaphazela nokwakheka kwembovane. Ngaloo ndlela, ufumana oku kulandelayo:
Imbovane yabasebenzi: Zimnyama, zibomvu, zimnyama, zityheli, njl. Ngokwenene ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekoloni. Kwaye kukuba ngabo bodwa abajongene nokugcina imbovane iphila. Emva kokuba imbovane ukumkanikazi igcina "umjikelo" wokuqala wamaqanda kwaye babe ngabantu abadala kwaye baqalise "ukusebenza", yena disengages, eshiya isondlo phezu kwabo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo kukubonelela ngekholoni ngokutya, ukukhulisa, ukunyamekela izibungu kunye namaqanda (abasebenzi bexesha elizayo), njl.
Imbovane enguKumkanikazi: yiyo yodwa imbovane enamaphiko kule koloni (kodwa ayakrazulwa emva kokuchumisa kokuqala). Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ukuya kwi-20mm kwaye ingaba tyheli, emnyama, ebomvu okanye emdaka. Ijongene nokubeka amaqanda ukuze ikoloni inyuke ngenani. Abokuqala, ewe, uyabanyamekela ngokwakhe de babe badala, kodwa ukususela ngoko umsebenzi wakhe kuphela kukuvelisa amalungu amatsha kwikholoni.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/iimbovane/ant-lion/»]
"Nkosazana" iimbovane: "amakhosazana" ziimbovane ezinokuba ziindlovukazi xa zidibene neenkunzi. Kananjalo banamaphiko, kunye neenkunzi ezinamaphiko (ezibizwa ngokuba ziidrones).
Iimbovane eziyindoda: Ziimbovane ezinamaphiko umsebenzi wazo kukuchumisa, nokuba yikumkanikazi okanye amakhosazana. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abanawo omnye umsebenzi ongaphaya kwaloo nto yaye, bakuba bewufezile, ngokuqinisekileyo bayafa. Bahlala beyenza ngaphandle kwekholoni njengoko ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngaphandle (nasemoyeni).
Amajoni: Ziimbovane ezizimazi, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo namakhosazana, azinyumba kwaye zijongene nokukhusela ikoloni.
Umchweli ukutyisa iimbovane
Imbovane yomchweli ayikhethi kakhulu xa isitya uhlobo olunye lokutya. Enyanisweni, iyakwazi ukutya kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka izinambuzane ezifileyo, iilekese ezinokuwa kwizityalo okanye kwiintyatyambo, i-nectar, njl. Ukwenza oku, iqela leembovane zokuchwela lijongene nokukhangela ukutya okuza kukuzisa kwikoloni kunye nokwabelana ngako.
Into abayaziyo abambalwa kukuba olu hlobo lukwasebenza kwi-symbiosis nezinye izinambuzane. Ngokomzekelo, iyakwazi ukungenisa imibungu yebhabhathane kwindawo yayo ukuze imnike ukutya (incindi yesilwanyana) yaye, kwangaxeshanye, umbungu uyawatya.
Ukuveliswa kwembovane yomchweli
Ukuveliswa kwembovane yomchweli kuwela ngokupheleleyo kwimbovane engukumkanikazi. Ngokwenene nguye owenza ikoloni kuba, xa sele edibene nendoda, Imbovane ikhangela indawo yokuseka ikoloni yayo kwaye yenza imbovane esisiseko; Kumlingene yena namaqanda uya kuwabeka. Kunyaka wokuqala, uya kubeka malunga ne-15-20 amaqanda. Ngelo xesha, imbovane ngokwayo ikrazula amaphiko ayo, uphawu lwemazi echumileyo, ize izinikele ngokupheleleyo ekunyamekeleni amaqanda. Emva kokuba ziqandusele, uzityisa de zibe mdala.
Ngelo xesha, imazi iyayeka ukunyamekela amaqanda amatsha, okanye i-colon, ukuba igxininise kuphela ukubeka amaqanda amaninzi ukwandisa inani leembovane. Ngaloo ndlela, kunyaka olandelayo izalela amaqanda ngokuphindwe kabini, oko kukuthi, phakathi kwama-30 nama-40, ikwazi ukwandisa inani leembovane ngexesha elifutshane.
Kuphela xa ikoloni ikhulile (ngokuqhelekileyo i-2-3 iminyaka emva kokusekwa), Imbovane engukumkanikazi iqalisa ukubeka amaqanda neemazi ezichumileyo kunye namadoda ukuze ahlangane kwaye enze ikoloni entsha. Noko ke, inkunzi ayiphili ekubeni, yakuba nje idibene nemazi, ifela ngaphandle kwelo qela.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/ants/ant-queen/»]