IiHormigas

Esinye sezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo kwindalo ziimbovane. Ezi zinenkangeleko ephawulekayo, kunye nokuziphatha kwangaphambili ebomini babo. Kodwa ukuba ungena nzulu kwezi zilwanyana, uya kufumana ihlabathi elinomdla kakhulu.

Ke ngoko, kolu didi, uya kufumana zonke iimpawu zembovane, ukuziphatha kwabo, apho bahlala khona, zeziphi iintlobo zeembovane ezikhoyo, ukutyisa kwabo kunye nokuzala.

Iimpawu zeembovane

Iimbovane, igama lenzululwazi formicidsZiluhlobo lwesinambuzane esihlobene ngokusondeleyo neenyosi neentubi. Babonakala ngokuba nobudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo kunye nokusebenza nzima kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuba iimbovane sesinye sezona zilwanyana zidala ziphilayo emhlabeni; enyanisweni, kukho iirekhodi zazo ukusuka kwixesha leCretaceous, oko kukuthi, ukusuka ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-90 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga ne-10.000 XNUMX leentlobo ezaziwayo zeembovane.

Esi sinambuzane sine a ubungakanani obuphakathi phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-2,5 millimeters. Zinomzimba apho unokuhlula ngokucacileyo intloko (apho ineempondo), isifuba kunye nesisu (esibizwa ngokuba yi-mesosoma); kunye nesisu sokugqibela (i-metasoma okanye i-gaster). Lo mzimba awunamathambo, kodwa lusu ngokwawo olwenza i-exoskeleton, yenze i-casing. Kananjalo abanayo imiphunga, ngoko basebenzisa iivalvu ngasemva apho kugcinwa khona ioksijini ukuze bakwazi ukuphefumla. Inemilenze emithandathu ephuma kwisifuba kwaye iphelela kuzipho olucolekileyo okanye ihuku.

Ubungakanani bembovane bunokwahluka, kuba unokufumana iithowuni ezimnyama, ezimdaka, ezibomvu okanye ezinemibala yomhlaba.

Ukuziphatha kweembovane

Indlela iimbovane eziziphatha ngayo isekelwe kwinkqubo apho nganye kuzo isazi ukuba yintoni na imele iwenze ize iwuphumeze ukususela ekukhuleni kwayo de ife. Zizilwanyana ezo zilawulwa ziiyure zokukhanya kwelanga, ukuze bavuke ekuseni bazifihle xa ilanga lingasa khanyisi ngokwaneleyo. Ebudeni belo xesha, bonke benza imisebenzi yabo, enoba kukufuna ukutya, ukunyamekela amantshontsho, ukukhusela iimbovane, okanye ukuqandusela iimbovane ezininzi.

Indawo yokuhlala

Iimbovane sesinye sezona zilwanyana zikhoyo kwihlabathi liphela kuba zona Zinokufumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi ehlabathi. Kuphela eAntarctica nakwiziqithi zaseGreenland, eIceland nasePolynesia apho abanalo olu hlobo lwesinambuzane.

Izintuthwane zihlala kwiindawo ezifihliweyo nezimnyama, ngokukhethekileyo emasimini, emahlathini, kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwiintlango, kwiipaki ... Zikhangele indawo apho zinokufumana lula ukutya kwaye, ngelo xesha, zikhuselwe. Ukwenza oku, into abayenzayo kukudala i-annthill eyenziwe ngeminyango, iinduli kunye neetonela kumhlaba ngokwawo.

iintlobo zeembovane

Ngokuxhomekeke kwintlangano yeentuthwane, zinokuba "nemisebenzi" eyahlukeneyo. Ke, uya kufumana iindidi ezininzi zeembovane ezifana nezi:

• imbovane yabasebenzi. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke. Ezi ngamabhinqa amancinci, angenazintsholongwane, enza wonke umsebenzi kwikoloni. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo kukunyamekela amantshontsho kunye nenkosikazi, ukukhangela ukutya, ukwandisa i-annthill ...
• Ijoni. Oku kubonakala ngokuba nentloko enkulu kunesiqhelo, kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Ijongene nokukhusela imbovane kwamanye amarhamncwa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuhlasela, ilume, okanye incede abasebenzi baphathe izinto okanye bazisike. Konke kuba zinemihlathi emikhulu neyomeleleyo.
• Iimbovane enamaphiko. Ukholelwe okanye ungakholelwa, le yinkosazana, okanye ukumkanikazi, oyintombi enyulu kwaye engazali. Oku kuqhele ukubonwa ekupheleni kwehlobo ukufumana umntu oza kutshata naye. Zakuba zikwenzile oko, ziya emhlabeni ukuze zizimele zize zibeke iindlwane zazo. Enyanisweni, amaphiko atyiwa ngokwawo kuba aziiproteni ekondla ngazo intsapho yazo.
• Indoda. Imbovane eyindoda ikwabizwa ngokuba ziidrones kwaye iyafana noonomeva. Eneneni, iyabhabha yaye iyazala, kodwa xa ikhwelana, iyafa.
• Imbovane enguKumkanikazi. Nguye owaseka ikoloni. Ingaphila phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-30 yeminyaka kwaye ukuchumisa okukodwa kunokubangela ukuba amawaka amaqanda afakwe yonke imihla.

Noko ke, ngokweentlobo zeimbovane, kukho ngaphezu kwe-13.000 XNUMX yazo. Ezinye zazo zezi: ukuthena iimbovane, i-Argentina, ebomvu, uFaro, iinkuni, intsimi, ivumba lasekhaya, ivelvet ...

Ukutyisa iimbovane

Phantse zonke Iimbovane ziyi-omnivorous oko kukuthi, badla iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya. Noko ke, ukutya kwabo okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya izinambuzane, imbewu, umngundo, nencindi yeentyatyambo. Basenokutya nokutya kwabantu okanye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya.

Into abangayaziyo abaninzi kukuba iimbovane zikwasela amanzi. Enyanisweni, bayayidinga ukuze bakwazi ukumanzisa ukutya baze bakutye ngokulula ngakumbi.

Ngokuphathelele ukuba bakufumana njani ukutya kwabo, ngaphandle kwakwimeko yokulwa nezinye izilwanyana (apho balwa ngamaqela ukuze bakwazi ukoyisa amaxhoba abo), uninzi lwamatyala bakwenza oko ngokuphuma baye kufuna imithombo yokutya, bephethe ukutya. de imbovane, kwaye uyigcine kwindawo ethile. Achitha lonke ihlobo esenza lo msebenzi ukuze abe nokutya okwaneleyo ukuze aphile ebusika, apho angayishiyi ithanga lawo.

Ukuzala kweembovane

Ekuphela kweimbovane ezinokuzala yikumkanikazi. Nguye odibana neenkunzi kwikoloni, kwaye nguye yedwa ozalela amaqanda. Aba baya kuba sele begqibile ukuba baya kuba ziikumkanikazi, amadoda, abasebenzi okanye amajoni.

El ukukhwelana kokuqala kwenzeka emva “kokubhabha komtshato”, apho imazi, ibhabha, itsala iinkunzi. Emva kwesenzo, iinkunzi ziyafa kwaye imazi ijonge indawo yokubeka amaqanda kwaye ngaloo ndlela idale ikoloni. Ukuze ondle yonke imibungu, ukrazula amaphiko akhe, umthombo weprotheni. Amaqanda ke wona aya kuvuthwa, kuvele iimazi; kodwa abanye baya kuba ngamadoda. Imbovane engukumkanikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ali-1200 0,5 yonke imihla, amhlophe ngombala nobukhulu obuziimilimitha eziyi-XNUMX.

Xa sele iqandusele, imibungu ibekwa ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo njengoko injalo Zihlelwa ngokobudala nobukhulu bazo. Ziimbovane ezingabasebenzi ezizinyamekelayo de zidlule kwisigaba se-pupal kwaye, ukusuka apho, ukuya kumzekelo wembovane endala.