Impuku sisilwanyana esanyisayo esiyimpuku sosapho lakwaMuridae. Zininzi iindidi zeempuku, kuquka ezasekhaya nezinye ezihlala endle. Iimpuku zinomzimba omde obhityileyo onemilenze emifutshane, iindlebe ezinkulu kunye nomsila omde. Ingubo inokuvela kwi-gray grey ukuya kumnyama omnyama. Iimpuku zinamazinyo abukhali, anamandla okuququda kwizinto ezifana nemithi, iplastiki kunye nentsimbi. Ezi zilwanyana zikwazi kakuhle ukukhwela, ukuqubha, kunye nokutsiba.
Iimpuku zitya amandongomane, imbewu, izinambuzane, kunye nenyama ebolileyo ukuba ikhona. Basenokuba ziziqwenga zeentaka ezincinci kwanezirhubuluzi ukuba zilambe ngokwaneleyo. Iimpuku zinemvakalelo yokunuka ephuhliswe kakhulu ezivumela ukuba zibone ingozi phambi kwezinye izilwanyana ezincinci. Baziqhelanise kakuhle nokuhlala kwindawo ezakhiweyo ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukufumana ukutya lula kwimigqomo yenkunkuma kunye neendawo ezihlala abantu.
Iigundane zizala ngokukhawuleza xa kukho izixhobo ezaneleyo ezifumanekayo kuzo; Iimazi zinokuba namantshontsho afikelela kwi-15 kwi-litter nganye kunye namathuba okuzala amafutshane njengeentsuku ezingama-21 phakathi kwe-litter nganye; oku kuthetha ukuba iperi yeempuku zinokuvelisa ukuya kutsho kuma-200 kwisithuba esingaphantsi konyaka ukuba zikho izixhobo ezaneleyo. ngamanzi angcoliswe lindle lawo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuzigcina kude ukuze ulawule ukusasazeka kwezifo ezosulelayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye unciphise kakhulu iingozi kwimpilo yabantu neyezilwanyana.
Iimpawu zeempuku
Iimpuku ziimpuku kusapho lakwaMuridae, olubandakanya iimpuku kunye neempuku. Zizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezizii-omnivorous ezineentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ezisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zilwanyana zibonakaliswe ngokuguquguquka okukhulu, ezivumela ukuba ziphile kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala.
Iimpuku zinemizimba emide enemilenze ebhityileyo kunye neendlebe ezinkulu. Uboya babo bunokuvela kumnyama omnyama ukuya kumdaka okhanyayo, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo. Imisila nayo iyahluka ngobude kunye nombala, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo imfutshane kunomzimba kwaye igqunywe ziinwele ezintle.
Iimpuku zinemvakalelo yokunuka ephuhliswe kakhulu, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba babone iingozi ezinokubakho phambi kwezinye izilwanyana. Bakwanoluvo olubukhali lokuva kunye nobuchule obugqwesileyo bokukhwela umthi kunye nokukala umphezulu othe nkqo njengezitena okanye iindonga ezigudileyo.
Iimpuku zizilwanyana ezihlala ebusuku ngokwendalo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zichitha imini yonke zilele emingxunyeni yazo engaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwiindawo zendalo ezizifihlayo ezifana neziqobo zokhuni okanye kwimingxuma yamatye. Ebusuku bayaphuma baye kufuna ukutya okunjengamandongomane, imbewu kunye nezinambuzane ezincinane; nangona kunjalo, abayi kukwala okunye ukutya ukuba kukho.
Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iimpuku zizinambuzane eziyingozi ebantwini ngenxa yokukwazi ukusasaza izifo ezosulelayo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi "plaguirosis"), kukho iinzuzo ezininzi ezinxulumene nolu hlobo: zinceda ukulawula inani lezinambuzane ezinobungozi; igalelo kulungelelwaniso lwendalo; sebenza njengomthombo weprotheyini kwizilwanyana ezininzi zendalo; njl..
U sasazo
Iimpuku yenye yezona ntlobo zindala nezixhaphakileyo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo ehlabathini. Ziimpuku ezaziwa ngokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwidolophu yasezidolophini ukuya kumahlathi ashinyeneyo. Iimpuku zinomzimba omde obhityileyo, imilenze emifutshane kunye neendlebe ezinkulu. Uninzi lweempuku zinoboya obumnyama obungwevu okanye obumdaka ngebala, nangona ezinye iintlobo zinokuba mnyama okanye zimhlophe.
Iimpuku zi-omnivorous, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zitya iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya okunje ngeziqhamo, imifuno, izinambuzane, kunye ne-carrion. Baxhotyiswe kakuhle ukuze baphile; Amazinyo azo ahlala ekhula ukuze ahlale ebukhali, yaye amazinyo azo azivumela ukuba zigqobhoze ngokulula iqokobhe eliqinileyo lokutya. Iimpuku zikwakwaziidadi ezigqwesileyo kunye nokukhwela intaba; imilenze yabo yangasemva yenzelwe ukubanceda bakhwele emithini kunye nezinye izinto ezinde.
Iimpuku zizilwanyana ezihlala ngokwamaqela abizwa ngokuba ngamakoloni. Balungelelaniswe ngokoluhlu kunye neenkokeli eziphambili ezilawula ummandla kwaye zibeke imithetho kwamanye amalungu eqela. Amalungu amancinane afunda ukuziphatha okwamkelekileyo eluntwini ngokusebenzisana namanye amalungu amadala eqela. Olu nxibelelwano lwentlalo lubalulekile kuphuhliso lweemvakalelo olusempilweni lweempuku eziselula; ngaphandle kwawo banokuba ndlongondlongo okanye boyike xa bengamalolo ebudaleni.
Nangona abantu abaninzi bezijonga iimpuku njengezilwanyana ezingafunwayo ngenxa yokutyekela ekuhlaseleni amakhaya abantu bekhangela ukutya, zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo okuguquguqukayo kunye nobuchule bendalo bendalo bokuphila kwindawo enzima. Nangona abantu abaninzi bebacalucalula, kuninzi ekufuneka sikuncome ngezi mpuku zincinane zikrelekrele.
Ukutya
Iimpuku luhlobo lwesilwanyana esanyisayo esiphuma kusapho lakwaMuridae. Zizilwanyana ze-omnivorous, eziziqhelanisa ngokulula notshintsho kwindawo yazo kwaye zitya iziqhamo, imbewu, izinambuzane kunye ne-carrion. Zisasazwe ngokubanzi kulo lonke ihlabathi, zifumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Iimpuku zinomzimba otyebileyo onemilenze emifutshane kunye neendlebe ezinkulu. Uboya bazo ngokuqhelekileyo bungwevu okanye bumdaka ngemibala emnyama okanye emhlophe. Ubude bomzimba wayo buhluka phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 cm, kunye nomsila onokufikelela kwi-25 cm ubude. Ezinye iintlobo zeempuku zineepateni ezizodwa kuboya bazo obuzenza zibonakale lula.
Iimpuku zizilwanyana ezihlala zihleli ndawonye ukuze zenze iikholoni ezinkulu kwaye zide zinxibelelane ngokusebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo ukubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zeemvakalelo ezinjengoloyiko okanye imincili. Banikwe ubuchule obugqwesileyo bokunyuka kunye nokuqubha, obubavumela ukuba baphile kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Nangona iimpuku zibonwa njengezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ngenxa yendlela yokutya eyonakalisayo, zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindalo njengezilwanyana ezidla izinambuzane eziyingozi kumasimi ezolimo kunye nezinye izityalo zezityalo ezibalulekileyo ebantwini. Ngaphaya koko, iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ziqhele ukusetyenziswa zizazinzulu ngenxa yobukrelekrele bazo obukhethekileyo bokulinga.
iimpuku izakhono
Iimpuku zezinye zezona ntlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zixhaphakileyo ehlabathini. Zizilwanyana ezikrelekrele, ezinomdla kunye nezinobudlelwane eziye zafuywa ngabantu kangangamawaka eminyaka. Zihlobene ngokusondeleyo neempuku, nangona zinkulu kakhulu kwaye zinesakhono esikhulu sokufunda nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo.
Iimpuku zinomzimba omde kunye nemilenze ebhityileyo kunye nomsila omde. Uninzi lweentlobo ziphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 cm ubude, ungabali umsila, odla ngokulingana nomzimba. Zineendlebe ezinkulu, impumlo etsolo, kunye namazinyo abukhali azivumela ukuba zikwazi ukukrazula izinto eziqinileyo njengentsimbi okanye umthi. Uboya babo bunokusuka kwingwevu ekhanyayo ukuya kumnyama onzulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo.
Iimpuku zizilwanyana zasebusuku ngokwendalo, kodwa ziqhelana lula neeshedyuli zasemini ukuba zondliwa kakuhle kwaye zikhathalelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ziindadi ezigqwesileyo ngokubulela kwimilenze yazo yangemva eyomeleleyo, ezivumela ukuba zintywile ukuze zifumane ukutya kwamanzi okanye zibaleke ngokukhawuleza xa zisongelwa.
Nangona kuxhaphakile ukungaqondi kakuhle malunga nazo, iimpuku zikrelekrele kwaye zizilwanyana ezithanda ukwazi ezikwaziyo ukufunda amaqhinga alula njengokuhlala okanye ukujika ukuze ufumane into emnandi okanye iqhekeza elinencasa elityiwayo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba banenkumbulo yendawo efana neyomntu: bakhumbula apho bekujoliswe khona ngaphambili kwaye babuyela kubo ngokulula kamva.
Ngokumalunga nokuziphatha kwezentlalo, iimpuku zikonwabela ukunxibelelana: zidlala noodade wabo abancinci (kunye nezinye izilwanyana), ziyakhothana ukubonisa uthando kwaye zabelana ngokutya kwazo namanye amalungu eqela ukuba kukho ukunqongophala. ikhaya (eya kwenzeka ngesiqhelo ukuba kukho abahlali abaninzi). Okokugqibela kodwa okungancinci: iimpuku ezincinci zicoceke kakhulu! Bazihlamba rhoqo besebenzisa amathe abo ukuze bahlale besempilweni kwaye becocekile.
iimpuku zasedolophini
Iimpuku yenye yezona ntlobo zindala nezixhaphakileyo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ezi mpuku zifumaneka kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukusuka kwiindawo ezishushu ukuya kwiindawo ezibandayo. Iimpuku zinomzimba omde obhityileyo onemilenze emifutshane, iindlebe ezinkulu kunye nomsila omde. Imibala yayo isuka kungwevu ukuya kumnyama, kumdaka omnyama. Iimpuku zizilwanyana zasebusuku ezitya kakhulu iziqhamo, imbewu, amandongomane nezinambuzane.
Nangona iimpuku zigqalwa njengezona zinambuzane zitshabalalisayo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuzala ngokukhawuleza, zinokuba luncedo kuphando lwezenzululwazi njengoko umzobo wazo ufana nowabantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba zingasetyenziselwa ukufunda izifo zabantu ezifana nomhlaza okanye isifo seswekile. Kwakhona, amafama amaninzi asebenzisa iimpuku ukulawula izitshabalalisi emasimini njengoko zisitya izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Iimpuku ezihlala ezidolophini zilungelelanise iindawo zazo zokuhlala ukuze zihlale phakathi nangaphakathi kwezakhiwo; baqhele ukuhlala phakathi kwenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma yabantu apho bafumana ukutya okwaneleyo ukuze baphile. Olu hlengahlengiso luye lwabavumela ukuba benze ikholoni phantse yonke ikona yeplanethi apho kukho ubukho bomntu; kunjalo, bachanabeke kwiingozi ezininzi kuquka izibulali-zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kunye nezifo ezosulelayo ezisasazwa zezinye izilwanyana okanye abantu abosulelwe ngabo.
iimpuku zendlu
Iimpuku zasekhaya zezinye zezona ntlobo zindala nezixhaphakileyo zeempuku. Ezi zilwanyana ziye zaqhelana nokuphila kwindawo yabantu, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kumakhaya amaninzi. Iimpuku zasekhaya zinomzimba omde kunye nemilenze emifutshane kwaye inokufikelela kwi-15 cm ubude. Uboya bayo buhlala bubumnyama obungwevu kunye neethowuni ezimdaka ngebala, nangona kukho imizekelo enoboya obumhlophe. Ezi zilwanyana zikrelekrele kwaye zinomdla ngendalo, kunye nokuba zikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zikwazi ukukhwela.
Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iimpuku azikho mnandi okanye ziyingozi kwizilwanyana, zikude kuyo ukuba ziphathwa ngokuchanekileyo. Zizilwanyana ezifuywayo ezizonwabisayo nezinothando ezinokuthi zenze amaqhina aqinileyo nabanini bazo ukuba zinikwe ingqwalasela efanelekileyo. Iimpuku zidinga izithuba ezaneleyo zokuhlola nokudlala, kunye nemisebenzi evuselelayo ukuzigcina zisebenza ngokwasengqondweni; ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubanika izinto zokudlala ezahlukeneyo ukuze bangakruquki okanye balahlekelwe ngumdla kwindawo yabo.
Kwakhona, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba iimpuku zifuna inkampani ukuze uzive uvuya; oko kukuthi, kufuneka baphile ngokwamaqela enziwe ngamabhinqa aliqela okanye amadoda-amazi ukuphepha ukuba ndlongondlongo okunengxaki okanye ukuziphatha okudakumba okuvela kukwahlulwa ekuhlaleni. Nangona kuvumelekile ukubagcina bodwa lo gama nje befumana ukhathalelo olwaneleyo (ukutya okulinganayo, imidlalo yemihla ngemihla, njl.njl.), iingcali zihlala zincoma ukuba zithathe imizekelo emibini nangaphezulu, ukuxuba indoda nomfazi ukuphepha ukungquzulana phakathi kwabo kunye nokunandipha ngokupheleleyo uthando. ye est@s simpátic@s iimpuku!