Iimpungutye zeArctic luhlobo oluhle lwempungutye oluhlala kwiArctic. Ezi zilwanyana zibonakala ngoboya bazo obumhlophe, obuzinceda ukuba zidibane nekhephu nomkhenkce kwindawo ezingqongileyo. Iimpungutye zaseArctic zinomsila omde, oshinyeneyo, ozivumelayo ukuba zihlale zifudumele ngokuwubhinqisa emizimbeni yazo xa ziphumle. Ezi zidalwa zineendlebe ezinkulu zokubona ixhoba kwikhephu elinzulu, kunye nemilenze ebhityileyo yokuhamba lula emkhenkceni nasekhephini.
Iimpungutye zeArctic zizilwanyana ezitya zodwa ezitya kakhulu iilemmings, voles, iintaka zaselwandle, kunye netywina xa zikhona. Basenokutya iziqhamo zasendle namaqunube ebudeni beenyanga ezishushu zonyaka. Ezi zilwanyana zinemvakalelo yokujoja ephuhliswe kakhulu ukuze zifumane ixhoba elingcwatywe phantsi kwekhephu okanye lifihlwe kwimingxuma engaphantsi komkhenkce.
Ebudeni beenyanga ezibandayo zasebusika, iimpungutye zaseArctic zichitha ixesha elininzi zisemba imingxuma nzulu phantsi kwekhephu ukuze zizikhusele kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Ngeli xesha lokufukama, abakhuthali kangako kodwa basafuna ukutya ukuba kukho okwaneleyo. Iinkunzi ezindala zihlala zodwa unyaka wonke, ngelixa iimazi zenza izibini ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezinye iinkunzi ngexesha lasehlotyeni ukuze zizale kunye phambi kokuba zahlukane emva kokuba ixesha lokuzala liphelile.
Izixhobo
Iimpungutye zeArctic yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeempungutye emhlabeni. Ezi zilwanyana zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiArctic, apho ziye zaqhelana nemozulu ebandayo kunye nokunqongophala kokutya. Zakhelwe ukuba ziphile kwiimeko ezimandundu, ngoboya bazo obumhlophe bubanceda ukuba badibane nekhephu kunye nomzimba wabo omncinci ubavumela ukuba bahambe ngokulula banqumle umkhenkce.
Iimpungutye zeArctic zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezibandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwiimpuku ukuya kwiinkumba zaselwandle. Zikwatya amaqanda eentaka, intlanzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inyama ebolileyo. Bangabazingeli ababalaseleyo, abanobuchule bokubona ixhoba elingcwatywe phantsi kwekhephu okanye phantsi komkhenkce.
Ezi zilwanyana zinendlela yokuziphatha enomdla ekuhlaleni: zihlala ngokwamaqela osapho abizwa ngokuba "yimihlambi" eyenziwe yindoda enye endala, iimazi ezininzi ezindala kunye nenzala yazo. Amalungu alo mhlambi ayasebenzisana ekuzingeleni amaxhoba amakhulu nokukhuselana kwingqele nezinye izilwanyana ezizingelayo. Kwakhona, iinkunzi ezindala zikhusela indawo yazo kwezinye iinkunzi ezikhuphisanayo ngexesha lokukhwelana ukuze kutsalwe iimazi ezikhoyo.
Iimpungutye zaseArctic zikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukwazi; banokuzikhumbula kanye iindawo abanokufumana kuzo ukutya okanye bakufihle ukuze kusetyenziswe kamva xa kuyimfuneko. Baziingcali zokukhwela ezikwaziyo ukukhwela izigodo ezinomkhenkce okanye iinduli ezinekhephu ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Nangona ziqhelene nengqele yencam, iimpungutye ze-arctic azikhuselekanga kwizisongelo zabantu; abantu abaninzi bazingela uboya babo obuxabisekileyo okanye ukuzonwabisa kwezemidlalo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iziphumo ezibi oku kubemi basekhaya nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulondoloza esi silwanyana sinomtsalane kwaye siqhelene ngendlela emangalisayo nemekobume erhabaxa yencam esemantla.
Indawo yokuhlala
Iimpungutye zeArctic yenye yezona ntlobo zeempungutye ezinzima ehlabathini. Ezi zilwanyana zifumaneka kwiArctic, ukusuka eAlaska ukuya eGreenland, nakwiindawo ezithile zaseSiberia. Iimpungutye zaseArctic zinoboya obumhlophe obuzinceda ukuba zidibane nekhephu kunye nomkhenkce, nto leyo ezivumela ukuba zizingele ngempumelelo amaxhoba azo. Olu hlobo lwempungutye luphawulwa ngobukrelekrele bayo obukhulu kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemekobume enobutshaba yeArctic.
Iimpungutye zeArctic ngabazingeli ababodwa abahlala kumaqela amancinane eentsapho. Ubukhulu becala batya iilemmings, iintaka zaselwandle kunye neentlanzi, kodwa bayakwazi nokutya ezinye izilwanyana ezifana nemivundla okanye izityalo. Ziyakwazi ukusinda kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yoboya bazo obungqingqwa, obukwaziyo ukubanda, kunye nemilenze yabo emifutshane, etyebileyo ebavumela ukuba badade ngcono kumanzi anomkhenkce.
Ukongeza kubuchule bazo obumangalisayo bokuqhelana nengqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo yaseArctic, iimpungutye ziyaziwa ngobukrelekrele bazo bendalo kunye nobuchule bazo bokuphila kulo mmandla unzima. Bangabazingeli abaziingcali abasebenzisa imigibe ukubamba amaxhoba amakhulu okanye abo bafihlwe phantsi kwekhephu; Ziyakwazi nokukhumbula apho amathambo exhoba lawo angcwatywa khona kangangeenyanga ukuze abuye aye kuwakhangela xa efuna ukutya okongeziweyo. Olu hlobo lukwadume ngokufuna ukwazi; badla ngokusondela ebantwini ngaphandle kokuboyika ngenxa yomdla wabo wokufumanisa izinto ezintsha ngehlabathi eliwangqongileyo.
Ukutya
Iimpungutye zeArctic yenye yezona ntlobo ziguqukayo kunye neziguquguqukayo kwizilwanyana. Ezi zilwanyana zincinci zibukekayo zifumaneka kumantla eKhanada, eAlaska, eGreenland, eRashiya naseScandinavia. Zizidalwa ezikhawulezayo ezinoboya obumhlophe obuzinceda zisithelise ikhephu. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zizingele ngokulula amaxhoba azo.
Iimpungutye zeArctic zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezibandakanya iihagu, imivundla, iintaka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha neentini. Bakwatya iziqhamo zasendle njengamaqunube kunye namaqunube ukuze bafumane iivithamini ezongezelelweyo ngexesha lasebusika xa ukutya kunqabile. Zixhotyiswe ngeendlebe ezinde ukuze zive ngcono izandi zamaxhoba azo kwikhephu elinzulu. Imilenze yazo yangasemva mide kunemilenze yangaphambili ukubanceda ukubaleka ngcono kwikhephu eliqinileyo okanye elithambileyo.
Iimpungutye zeArctic zineendawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukeneyo ukusuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuya kwindawo enengca evulekileyo okanye nakwintlango enomkhenkce yaseMpuma yeSiberia. Baziqhelanise kakuhle nezi ndawo zibandayo ngenxa yoboya bazo obuphindwe kabini obubakhusela kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo kulo lonke ubusika bamazwe ngamazwe. Ehlotyeni uboya bazo buye bube bufutshane buze buxinene ukuze buhlale bupholile xa amaqondo obushushu enyuka kakhulu ngeli xesha lonyaka.
Iimpungutye zaseArctic ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zodwa okanye ngazibini ezenziwe ngamaqabane azinzileyo kubo bonke ubomi babo abadala; nangona kunjalo, bambi bahlanganisana okwethutyana ukuze benze amaqela amancinane eentsapho xa kukho intabalala yokutya okufumanekayo kwindawo ethile kangangexesha elide. Iinkunzi ziphawula ummandla wazo zisebenzisa umchamo okanye amanye amavumba omzimba, nto leyo evumela ukuba zigcine iinkunzi ezikhuphisana nazo kwaye zilumkise nezinye izilwanyana ukuba zingangeni kwindawo yazo ngaphandle kwemvume .
Iimpungutye zeArctic nazo zembi ezigqwesileyo; Iinzipho zayo zinokugrumba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 cm ngaphantsi komphakamo ukuze zakhe i-lair yayo engaphantsi komhlaba okanye ukufumana ukutya ngexesha lokumenywa. Ukongeza, ezi zizilwanyana ezikrelekrele kakhulu ezisebenzisa izakhono zazo ukuze ziphile; Ngokomzekelo, ziyakwazi ukungcamla umoya ukuze zibone ubukho bezilwanyana ezizingelayo, zisebenzise imisila yazo eshukumayo ukuze zibambe ixhoba, zize zifunde iindlela ezintsha zokuzingela ngokuqwalasela indlela eziziphatha ngayo ezinye izilwanyana.
Ngamafutshane, iimpungutye ze-Sartic zizilwanyana eziguquguqukayo kwaye ezikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezihlala kwindawo ebanda kakhulu kwaye zikwazile ukuphuhlisa iindlela zabo zokusinda.
Zingaphi iimpungutye ze-arctic ezisele emhlabeni
Iimpungutye zeArctic luhlobo lwempungutye ehlala kwezona mozulu zibandayo emhlabeni. Zisasazwa kuwo wonke ummandla we-arctic, ukusuka eAlaska ukuya eGreenland, kwaye zikwafumaneka kwiindawo zaseRashiya, eScandinavia naseKhanada. Iimpungutye zeArctic zizilwanyana zodwa kunye nemimandla ehlala kumaqela amancinci osapho.
Iimpungutye zeArctic zinoboya obumhlophe okanye obungwevu obungwevu ukuzinceda ukuba zihlangane nekhephu kunye nomkhenkce ezingqongileyo. Uboya bazo bujika bube mnyama ehlotyeni ukuze bukwazi ukufunxa kakuhle ubushushu belanga. Zineendlebe ezinkulu zokuzinceda ukuba zive ngcono izandi ezizingqongileyo, kunye nemilenze emifutshane yokuqubha kakuhle kwikhephu elinzulu.
Okwangoku, kukho malunga nama-200 eempungutye ze-arctic ezisasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa eli nani liyehla ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwabantu kwendawo yazo yendalo. Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo nako kube negalelo ekwehleni kwabemi bolu hlobo njengoko iimpungutye ze-arctic zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiintlanzi njengowona mthombo wazo wokutya.