Iimpungutye zasentlango luhlobo oluthile lwempungutye efumaneka kwintlango nakwimimandla eyinkqantosi yaseMntla Melika, kwintshona yeAsia, nakumantla eAfrika. Ezi zilwanyana ziyafana ngenkangeleko neempungutye eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zineempawu ezithile zomzimba ezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba ziqhelane ngakumbi ukuze ziphile kwindawo yazo. Iimpungutye zasentlango zineendlebe ezinkulu ezitsolo zokuzinceda zikhuphe ubushushu, kunye nemilenze emifutshane ukunqanda ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokugqithisileyo. Uboya bazo ngokuqhelekileyo bungwevu okanye bumdaka ngebala elimhlophe okanye elityheli, nto leyo ebanceda ukuba badibane nendawo ezingqongileyo.
Iimpungutye zasentlango ziyatya, zitya kakhulu izinambuzane, iimpuku ezincinci, kwanezirhubuluzi. Ziqhelaniswe kakuhle ukuze ziphile kwiimeko ezome kakhulu; Zinokuhamba ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphandle kwamanzi ukuba ziyakwazi ukuzondla rhoqo. Bakwangabazingeli abagqwesileyo basebusuku ngenxa yezivamvo zabo eziphuhlileyo; banikwe amehlo abukhali ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ivamvo yokujoja, nokuphulaphula ngenyameko ixhoba lazo naxa lifihlwe phantsi kwentlabathi.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zihlala zodwa kwaye zidibana kuphela ngexesha lokuzala phakathi kukaFebruwari noMeyi. Ngeli xesha, amadoda akhuphisana ngabasetyhini ngokwenza imiboniso yesithethe efana nokukhonkotha kakhulu kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezipho ezidliwayo nabo. Iinkunzi zakha imingxuma eyombiwe nzulu ukuze zizikhusele kubushushu obugqithiseleyo emini ngoxa iimazi zibalekela kwimiqolomba yendalo okanye kwimingxuma ehlala ezinye izilwanyana.
Izixhobo
Iimpungutye zasentlango luhlobo lwempungutye efumaneka kwiintlango kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi zilwanyana ziyakwazi ukuguquka kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphila kwiimeko ezinzima. Zincinci, zinemizimba ebhityileyo kunye nemilenze emifutshane, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza kumhlaba obharhileyo. Uboya bazo buba ngwevu bumnyama ngokubanzi ukuya kumdaka okhanyayo ngombala kunye neempawu ezimhlophe kumzimba ongentla.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zinesidlo se-omnivorous, ukutya iziqhamo, izinambuzane, amaqanda kunye ne-carrion xa zikhona. Zikwatya izityalo ezityiwayo ezifana neengcambu kunye nebhalbhu. Iimpungutye zasentlango zaziwa ngokuba nengqiqo ebukhali yokubona kunye nevumba ukuze zikhangele amaxhoba azo mgama.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zizilwanyana ezihlala zodwa, kodwa ziyadibana ngexesha lokukhwelana ukuze zenze izibini zexeshana. Iimazi zidla ngokuzala amantshontsho amabini ukuya kwamane emva kwexesha elifutshane lokumitha (malunga neentsuku ezingama-45). Amantshontsho azalwa ngaphandle koboya kodwa abe nombala wawo omdala kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Abazali baya kubonelela ngononophelo lwabazali de iinjana zikulungele ukuzihlola ngokwazo kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuzalwa.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zizilwanyana ezomeleleyo kunye nesakhono esichukumisayo sokuguquguquka; nangona kunjalo, boyikiswa kukutshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngqo nokungathanga ngqo komntu (urhwebo olungekho mthethweni kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo). Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhusela iindawo zabo zokuhlala zendalo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala kwabo ixesha elide kwiplanethi yethu.
Ukutya
Iimpungutye zasentlango luhlobo lwempungutye efumaneka kwintlango yaseArabia, kuMntla Afrika, nakwiindawo ezikumazantsi eAsia. Ezi mpungutye zaziwa ngokukwazi ukuphila kwiimeko ezimandundu. Bancinci kwaye banoboya obumnyama obungwevu kunye neempawu ezimnyama namhlophe. Iindlebe zabo zinde kwaye zikhombe, ezivumela ukuba zibone ukunyakaza kumgama omde. Kwakhona zinemilenze emifutshane, umsila obanzi, nomzimba otyebileyo ukuze zikwazi ukujamelana namaqondo obushushu agqithiseleyo asentlango.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zitya kakhulu izinambuzane, iimpuku ezincinci, izirhubuluzi, kunye ne-carrion. Baxhotyiswe ngengqiqo ebukhali yokujoja ukuze bafumane ukutya kwabo phakathi kothuli nesanti eyomileyo. Banokugcina amanzi ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuwasela ngokuthe ngqo kumaqula anqabileyo asentlango okanye kumachibi.
Olu hlobo lunendlela yokuziphatha enika umdla kakhulu eluntwini: bahlala kumaqela osapho akhiwe ngoomama abancinci babo, amadoda amadala azimele bodwa okanye izibini eziziinkunzi nemazi. Amaqela eentsapho ahlanganisana rhoqo ukuze atye kunye ebusuku xa amaqondo obushushu epholile. Emini ziphumla kunye phantsi komthunzi wamatye okanye amatyholo ukuze zizikhusele kwingqatsini yelanga.
Iimpungutye zasentlango zisesichengeni ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwabantu kwendawo yazo yendalo (ukuba yintlango), kunye nokuzingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni kweepeliti zazo ezixatyiswe kakhulu njengezinto zokuhombisa okanye ezinye izinto ezingeyoxesha elide ezisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni ezizinzileyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuzikhusela ngokugcina iindawo zazo zokuhlala zendalo ezikhoyo nokuthintela ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.
Mingaphi iminyaka ehlala iimpungutye zasentlango?
Iimpungutye zasentlango luhlobo lwempungutye efumaneka kwintlango yaseAfrika, kuMbindi Mpuma, nakwiindawo zaseAsia. Ezi zilwanyana ziphawulwa ngobungakanani bazo obuncinci, umzimba obhityileyo, kunye nekhrimu okanye uboya obungwevu. Bangabazingeli abanobuchule kwaye banokuphila iminyaka eyi-10 endle.
Iimpungutye zasentlango ziba zodwa ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngexesha lokukhwelana ziyadibana ukuze zenze izibini. Ezi zibini zihlala kunye ubomi bazo bonke, neenkunzi zincedisa ekunyamekeleni amantshontsho azo. Iimpungutye zasentlango nazo zinommandla omkhulu, ziphawula ummandla wazo ngomchamo ukuze zigcine ezinye izilwanyana kude.
Ezi zilwanyana zidla ngokutya izinambuzane, amacilikishe, amaqanda eentaka, kunye ne-carrion ukuba ikhona. Bakwangabazingeli ababalaseleyo basebusuku, basebenzisa iindlebe zabo ezinde ukuze bafumane ixhoba elingcwatywe ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye lifihlwe kwintshinyela.
Ngokubanzi, iimpungutye zasentlango zihlala phakathi kweminyaka emi-5-10 endle; nangona kunjalo, ukuba zigcinwe kakuhle ekuthinjweni zinokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-15-20 ubudala.
Iyingozi kangakanani impungutye yasentlango
Iimpungutye zasentlango yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zempungutye ehlabathini. Ezi zilwanyana zifumaneka ikakhulu kuMntla Afrika, eMzantsi kunye naseMpuma Asia, kunye naseMzantsi Melika. Ezi mpungutye zinenkangeleko eyodwa noboya bazo obumnyama obungwevu kunye nemilenze yangasemva emide kunemilenze yangaphambili. Bangabazingeli abagqwesileyo kwaye banokubaleka ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-40 ngeyure ukubamba amaxhoba abo.
Nangona iimpungutye zasentlango ngokuqhelekileyo zingenabungozi ebantwini, zinokuba yingozi ukuba ziziva zisongelwa okanye zikhusela amantshontsho azo. Ukuba usondele kakhulu kwindlwane yempungutye, inokukuhlasela ukuze izikhusele. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale kude neendlwana kwaye ungazami ukusondela kuzo ngaphandle koncedo lochwepheshe abaqeqeshiweyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezincinci ezinokubhidaniswa nexhoba lolu hlobo, kuba zinokubonwa njengezoyikiso kwisilwanyana.