Iinyoka

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyoka

Esinye sezona zilwanyana zoyikwayo emhlabeni ngabantu inyoka. Sisilwanyana esixhokonxa uloyiko ngenxa yetyhefu yolunye uhlobo. Ukutyhubela imbali bebezenzela igama elibi ngenxa yokuba kukho iindidi ezinetyhefu enokubulala. Yayizizilwanyana ezaqala ngexesha leCretaceous kwaye zineempawu ezintle ezenza zibe liqela elinomdla kakhulu lezilwanyana ukufunda.

Apha siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye nokuzala kwenyoka.

Iimpawu zeNyoka

i-ecosystem yenyoka

Ezi zizilwanyana ezingenawo amalungu, kodwa zinokuhamba phantse kuwo nawuphi na umphezulu. Le yenye yeempawu ezenza ezi zirhubuluzi zibe nomdla. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-3460 iintlobo zeenyoka emhlabeni jikelele.. Kweli nani leentlobo, kuphela ngama-450 kwezi ntlobo zinetyhefu. Noko ke, kukho abathile abanetyhefu ebulalayo kangangokuba baye basasaza igama labo njengabayingozi.

Uninzi lweenyoka zibanjiswa ukuze zikwazi ukuxhaphaza ulusu lwazo okanye ukutya. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ubangela ukuba uninzi lweentlobo zeenyoka zibe sengozini yokuphela. Ezi zilwanyana ziye zahlala kwiplanethi yethu ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-150 yezigidi, ngexesha leCretaceous. Kukho ulwazi olukhulu malunga nesi silwanyana sibulela kwiirekhodi zefosili ezifunyenwe zezi ntlobo.

Zaziwa ngokuba zavela kumacikilishe ahlala emanzini. Ubungakanani benyoka bunokwahluka ukusuka kwi-10 centimeters ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha ubude. I-skeleton yezi zilwanyana yenziwe ngama-vertebrae ngamanani amakhulu. Umzekelo wale nto yi-python, ene-vertebrae emalunga nama-400.

Abanamalungu, kufuneka bashukume ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikali zabo. Izikali ezikwindawo yokungena zizo ezivumela ukuhamba phambili kwaye zibathintele ekukhukulisekeni ukuya emacaleni. Intshukumo yenyoka kukuba nelize. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nangona eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukwenza ulandelelwano olusecaleni kunye nomzimba wabo. Eli xesha liqala entloko lize liphele emsileni wayo. Benza oko ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba ngesantya esingaguqukiyo.

Indlela yokubona isikelwe umda. Ngoko, Basebenzisa ulwimi lwabo ukuze bakwazi ukubona amavumba ahlukeneyo kwaye basebenzisane nendawo abakuyo.. Ngenxa yolwimi lwabo, banokushukuma ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwesibindi, baguqule ulwimi lwabo emlonyeni ukuze babone ukuba kukho into etyiwayo okanye isengozini. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba sibona iinyoka zisoloko zikhupha ulwimi lwazo. Umsila unobude obumalunga ne-20% yomzimba wawo.

Indawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhambisa

Rattlesnake

Iinyoka zazigqalwa njengesilwanyana esihlala sodwa yaye ziyazahlula kwezinye izilwanyana. Kunqabile ukubona iinyoka ezimbini zikunye. Ibakho kuphela ngexesha lokufukama nakwixesha lokukhwelana. Bayakwazi ukuhlala kwaye phantse naphi na, ukusuka kwimimandla yamahlathi ukuya kwiindawo ezishushu. Eyona nto ilungileyo ukuba inyoka iphile phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo kukuba ubushushu buhlala buhleli. Ekubeni zizilwanyana ezinegazi elibandayo, azikwazi ukulawula ubushushu ngokwazo. Bafuna ubushushu belanga ukuze bakwazi ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba wabo.

Ezinye ii-ecosystems apho sinokufumana iinyoka ezisentlango kunye ne-savannahs. Ezinye iintlobo zifumaneka nasemanzini, phezulu emithini naphantsi komhlaba.

Ukutya kunye nokuzala kwenyoka

uhlobo lwenyoka

Ukutya kwenyoka kukutya. Itya kakhulu iintaka, iintlanzi, izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezinambuzane. Kuphela kuxa ukutya kunqongophele okanye kunzima ukukufumana, banokutya kwimizekelo yohlobo olufanayo. Ukondla, banokuginya ixhoba labo ngokupheleleyo kuba bengenazo izakhiwo zamazinyo ukuze bakwazi ukuhlafuna.

Enye yezinto ezingeloncedo inyoka ekutyeni kwayo yinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukuginya ixhoba ngokupheleleyo, ngexesha lokwetyisa kufuneka zibekwe zingashukumi. Oku kunceda ukugcwalisa amandla asetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokubamba amaxhoba. Ngalo mzuzu xa inyoka ikwinkqubo yayo yokwetyisa basesichengeni sokuhlaselwa nguye nawuphi na umntu.

Elinye lamaqhinga abanawo ukuze baphile kukukhupha ukutya ngaphakathi kwabo xa besengozini. Ngale ndlela, banokuphinda baphinde bahambe kwaye babaleke ngexesha. Kuba inkqubo yokwetyisa icotha kakhulu kwaye ithatha ixesha elide, banokuhamba iinyanga ngaphandle kokutya.

Ngokuphathelele ukuzala, zizilwanyana ezi-oviparous. Oku kuthetha ukuba babeka amaqanda ngaphandle kwe-boa snake, ukuveliswa kwayo yi-ovoviviparous. Inkqubo yemveliso kunye nokukhwelana kwenzeka ngexesha lentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kubukho bokutya kunye neenguqu zemozulu. Iinkunzi zizo ezithanda imazi. Kule nto, ezinye iimfazwe phakathi kwamadoda ziyenzeka ukuze akwazi ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi ikopi kunye naye. Ezi ziimeko kuphela apho sinokufumana iisampuli ezininzi zeenyoka kwindawo enye.

Yakube inkunzi idibana nemazi, iya kuhamba ngendlela yayo kwaye yimazi eya kwamkela eyona similo sichasayo. Ixesha lokufukamela lidla ngokuhlala phakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 nezi-5. kwaye unina uyawashiya nje xa ebeka amaqanda. Ekuzalweni, amantshontsho kufuneka azikhathalele.

Iinyoka ezinobuhlungu nezingenabuhlungu

I-morphology yemamba emnyama

Xa usiva ngeenyoka, into yokuqala oyicingayo kukufa kokulunywa kwazo. Kuphela yi-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zeenyoka ezinobuhlungu. Phakathi kweentlobo ezinobuhlungu sifumana inyoka ye-bastard, i-cobra, i-rattlesnake, inyoka ye-coral, inyoka yolwandle, inyoka ye-taipan kunye nenyoka ye-velvet, phakathi kwabanye.

Phakathi kweenyoka ezingenabuhlungu sifumana izilwanyana ezininzi ezifana ne-anaconda, i-boa, i-collar snake, i-python, i-horseshoe snake, phakathi kwezinye.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nenyoka.