Inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sisihloko esihlala sinomdla kwi-reptile kunye nabathandi bendalo. Ezi zidalwa zikhulu azipheleli nje ekuvuseni umdla wethu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obumangalisayo, kodwa nangenxa yendima yazo kwi-ecosystem. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nenyoka enkulu yehlabathi, ukusuka kwindawo yayo ukuya kwimikhwa yayo yokutya kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla.
Yeyiphi eyona nyoka inkulu ehlabathini?
Eyona nyoka inkulu ehlabathini ngokobunzima nobude yi anaconda eluhlaza (*Eunectes murinus*). Ezi nyoka zinokufikelela a Obona bude bufikelela kwi 30 feet (9 metres) kunye nobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-550 (iikhilogram ezingama-250). Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-anaconda ayiyona inyoka ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni; Eso sihloko siya kwi-reticulated python (*Python reticulatus*), enokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezingama-33 (iimitha ezili-10), nangona iqhelekile ukuba yomelele ngakumbi kune-anaconda.
Las iianaconda eziluhlaza Ziinyoka ezihlala emanzini ezifumaneka ikakhulu emilanjeni, emigxobhozweni nakwimigxobhozo yaseMzantsi Melika, ngakumbi eAmazon naseOrinoco.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa
Iianaconda eziluhlaza zifumaneka kwiindidi ngeendidi zeendawo zokuhlala zasemanzini kunye nesemi-aquatic. Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zeendawo zabo zokuhlala ziquka:
- Imilambo ehamba kancinane nemilanjana
- Imigxobhozo kunye nemigxobhozo
- Amachibi kunye neendawo ezikhukulayo
Ezi ndawo zibonelela ngeeanacondas ngobuninzi bexhoba kunye nekhusi kumarhamncwa, kunye nokuzivumela ukuba zilawule ubushushu bomzimba wazo. IAmazon, owona mlambo mkhulu ehlabathini ngomthamo wamanzi, iyindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwezi nyoka zinkulu. Apha zifumana ikhusi phakathi kohlaza oluxineneyo namanzi, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukuchwechwela amaxhoba azo ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi.
Ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo, xa amanzi esihla, iianaconda zinokunyanzeleka ukuba zizimele kwindawo eyomileyo, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo zikhetha ukuhlala kufutshane neendawo ezinokufikelela rhoqo emanzini.
Imikhwa Yokondla
Iianaconda eziluhlaza amarhamncwa anoburhalarhume Zitya kwiindidi zamaxhoba. Ukutya kwabo okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya:
- Intlanzi
- Iintaka ze-acuatic
- Izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezincinci neziphakathi
- Ngamanye amaxesha iingwenya kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo
Ezi nyoka ziqhelisela indlela yokutyisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-constriction. Zakuba zilifumene ixhoba lazo, ziyalihlasela ngokukhawuleza zize zijijekise ngemizimba yazo macala onke, zisebenzisa izihlunu zazo ezinamandla ukuze zilifuthanise. Emva koko baye baginye ixhoba liphelele, inkqubo enokuthatha iiyure ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bexhoba.
Ngenxa yakhe ukutya kancinci, iianaconda zinokuhamba iiveki okanye iinyanga zingatyi emva kokutya kakhulu, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukuphila kwindawo apho ukutya kusenokunqongophala.
Ukuzala kunye nomjikelo wobomi
Umjikelo wobomi be-anaconda eluhlaza uqala ixesha lokukhwelana edla ngokwenzeka ngexesha leemvula. Zi viviparous, oku kuthetha ukuba zizala ukuhlala zincinci endaweni yokubeka amaqanda. Imazi inokuzala phakathi kwama-20 nama-40 eselula ngexesha, nangona kwiimeko ezinzima ukuya kutsho kwi-100 inokuzalwa.
Iintsana zeAnaconda zizalwa zibunjwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zinjalo ekwaziyo ukuzingela bebodwa kamsinya nje emva kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokusinda kwabo linokuba liphantsi ngenxa yobukho bezilwanyana ezininzi, kuquka nezinye iinhlwathi.
Ukuvuthwa ngokwesondo kwi-anacondas ngokuqhelekileyo kufikelelwa kwi-3 ukuya kwi-4 yeminyaka ubudala, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokufumaneka kokutya.
Izinto ezinomdla kunye neentsomi
IiAnaconda bezisoloko zingumxholo weentsomi ezininzi kunye namabali ukutyhubela iminyaka. Abanye eyona curios umdla faka:
- Kwiintsomi zomthonyama zaseAmazonia, iianaconda zidla ngokugqalwa njengemimoya ekhuselayo emanzini nasehlathini.
- Inkolelo ye "Megaconda" okanye i-anaconda enkulu elinganisa ngaphezu kweenyawo ze-50 iye yachithwa zizazinzulu, nangona ihlala iyintsomi eyaziwayo.
- Ulusu lweAnaconda luye lwasetyenziswa kwishishini lefashoni kunye nezobugcisa kangangeenkulungwane, nangona olu rhwebo lwehlile ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwezi nyoka kumazwe amaninzi.
Phezu kwalo nje igama lazo elibi, iianaconda zinendima ebalulekileyo kwindalo yaseAmazon, zilawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zizalise iindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo
Iianaconda eziluhlaza a iintlobo eziphambili kwi-ikhosistim yabo. Njengezilwanyana ezizingelayo, zinceda ukugcina ibhalansi yabemi beentlobo abazizingelayo. Ubukho bawo buqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngqindilili yeentlobo ezithile zezinto ezinokuphelisa ubutyebi bendalo.
Ukongezelela, ngokuzingela kunye nokutya amaxhoba obukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ii-anaconda zifaka isandla kwi- Ukwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ityebile kwaye ilungelelene ngakumbi kwiindawo zayo zokuhlala zasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Oku ke kunempembelelo entle kwimpilo yonke ye-ikhosistim, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho zintlobo zibalaseleyo ezinokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwendalo.
Ngamafutshane, i-anacondas ayinomdla kuphela ngobukhulu kunye nemikhwa yabo, kodwa izalisekisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekugcineni isakhiwo kunye nempilo ye-ecosystems apho bahlala khona.
Ngezi zibakala zinika umdla, siyathemba ukuba uzuze ukuqonda ngcono kunye noxabiso ngeyona nyoka inkulu ehlabathini, inhlwathi eluhlaza. Ubungakanani babo obuchukumisayo kunye nobuchule babo bokuzingela yinxalenye nje yezinto ezibenza bahluke ngokwenene kwizilwanyana.