Esinye sezona zinambuzane zinomdla kakhulu esinokuzifumana endle yi isinambuzane esincamathelayo. Kwezinye iingingqi yaziwa ngegama elithi said stick kwaye sisilwanyana esingenamqolo. Iyaziwa ngokumila kwayo apho igama layo livela khona kwaye nokuziphatha kwayo kunikwa ngumntu. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba ibhidekile phakathi kwezityalo, imithi kunye nefula. Sisilwanyana esineempawu ezinomdla kakhulu nendlela yokuphila ebangela umdla ukufunda ngayo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu eziphambili, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye nokuzala kwenambuzane yentonga.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Inambuzane yentonga yeka- intsapho yeFasmoides okanye iPhasmids. La magama avela kwisiLatini kwaye athetha isiporho. Eli gama livela kwisakhono sesi silwanyana ukudibanisa kunye nokusingqongileyo ukuba singanakwa. Zidla ngokuba zizinambuzane ezikhulu, nangona imazi inokulinganisa kancinane kunenkunzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo banomlinganiselo wesayizi malunga neesentimitha ezingama-37 kunye nobunzima be-40 grams.
Ngenxa yendlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zamkele ngayo, sinokuzihlanganisa ezi zinambuzane zibe ngamaqela ama-3 amakhulu:
- Phyllium: eweEzi zinambuzane zifana namagqabi kwaye zineempiko eziphuhlileyo. Ezi zilwanyana zidla ngokufumaneka kumasebe emithi kwaye zimi njengamagqabi ukuze zingaphawulwa. Amaphiko ayo aphuhlileyo kunye nomzimba obanzi kuyenza i-oval kwaye idandatheke kakhulu.
- Bacillus: Lolona didi lwaziwayo lwesinambuzane sezinti. Ukumila kwayo kukwesetyana lomthi elincinane kwaye libonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nemilenze emide nebukekayo. Yamkela ukumila kwentonga ukuze idibane nokusingqongileyo kwaye izikhusele kulo naliphi na irhamncwa. Abanayo kodwa banamandla okutsiba imigama emide.
- I-Prisopus: eli qela lezinambuzane ezincangathi linemilo emide kwaye ithe tyaba. Inamaphiko amancinci.
Intonga yokutyisa izinambuzane
Esi silwanyana sihlelwa njenge-phytophagous. Oku kuthetha ukuba zitya izityalo kwaye zinendlela ekhethekileyo yokuzondla. Banesimilo esikhethekileyo kuba, xa sele bekhethe isityalo esiza kutya kuso, ayisishiyi de sihlulwe ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi, iyazimisa kwisityalo esiya kudla kwaye Ungaphumi kuyo de ugqibe yonke into onokuyitya. Okwangoku, ihlala kwisityalo ixesha elide kangangoko inako.
Banemikhwa yasebusuku kwaye ukuhamba kwabo okuphantsi kwenza ukuba bangabonakali. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba abashukumi ngaphandle kokuba baziva besongelwa okanye bafuna ukushukuma ukuze bafumane ukutya. Ezi zezinye zezizathu zokuba kube lula ukungaqatshelwa. Ukuba kwimilo yenduku okanye igqabi kwaye kusekho ixesha elininzi, kunokubhideka ngokulula nokuba zezinye izinambuzane ezinomthamo omkhulu wokukhangela amaxhoba azo.
Ngaphakathi kweqela le-phasmids kukho malunga neentlobo ezingamawaka ezi-3 kunye Zisasazwa kwiindawo ezishushu kunye neendawo ezishushu. Kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, kuye kwafunyanwa iindidi ezili-16 zezinambuzane ezincangathi.
ukukwazi ukufihla
Iimpawu zembonakalo yesi sinambuzane sezinti zifana kakhulu nezo zezinye izilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukuxubana kunye nokufihla indawo yazo. Ukumila kwazo ngokwasemzimbeni kuzenza zibonakale zingamasebe okanye amagqabi, kwaye ezinye zithatha imo yexolo lomthi. Nganye idla ngokuba nenkangeleko ebonakalayo embindini wendawo apho inendawo yayo yokuhlala engundoqo. Ezi zilwanyana zenza ukuba izazinzulu zithandabuze ukuba zaziyimizekelo yokulinganisa. Ukudibanisa kunye nokusingqongileyo akufani nokuxubana nendawo ekungqongileyo.
Xa ufunda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinambuzane ezincangathi Kuye kwagqitywa ukuba ezi ziimeko ezilula ze-homotypy. Oko kukuthi, oku kuthetha ukuba banokufana kwe-morphological kwi-substrate apho baphuhlisa khona. Yile nto sele siyichazile ngaphambili, bathatha uhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala ephambili apho baya kufunyanwa khona ixesha elininzi.
Olunye lweempawu ezikhethekileyo zesinambuzane esizinti kukukwazi ukushukuma okubonakalayo. Ujongene nalo naluphi na uvuselelo olungaqhelekanga, umphefumlo uphakama kunye nemilenze yangaphambili yolulelwe phambili kunye nombindi kunye nemilenze yangasemva kunye nomzimba. Oku kunika ukufana ngokupheleleyo nesele elomileyo. Azishukumi kwaye zitsibe ukusuka kwisityalo de zibe sengozini eqhubekayo okanye ingozi esondelayo.
I-Homotypy idla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-homochromy. I-Homochromy ayikho enye into ngaphandle kobuchule ezi zilwanyana ezinazo zifane kakhulu nemibala yendawo apho zihamba khona. Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba lulungelelwaniso lwemfuza oluye lwenzeka kwindaleko. Kuqhelekile ukuba bayakwazi ukuqhelanisa imibala yeendawo abahlala kuzo rhoqo.
Umjikelo wobomi kunye nokuzala kwesi sinambuzane sezinti
Ngoku makhe sihlolisise umjikelo wobomi bezi zinambuzane zincinane. Ngokuxhomekeke kwintlobo umjikelo wobomi unokwahluka. Ezinye i-phasmids zihlala unyaka wonke kwaye abanye bahlala kuphela umjikelo wobomi beenyanga ezi-4-6. Ukuzala kwenzeka ngokudibana phakathi kokudibanisa nemazi. Enye yeendlela ezingaqhelekanga zokuzala yi-parthenogenesis. Xa iveliswa ngolu hlobo ixesha lokuzala liqala ngexesha lokuguquguquka kwemfuza kolu didi.
Uninzi lwabantu beentlobo ezahlukeneyo banokuzala ngokwesondo okanye ngokwesondo njengoko sele sitshilo. Oko kukuthi, i-parthenogenesis yinkqubo apho i-organism entsha iqala khona ngeseli yowesifazane engaxhaswanga. Apha abantu abatsha abaveliswayo bahlala bengabafazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi isigqibo sokuzala ngendlela enye okanye enye kuxhomekeke kubuninzi beenkunzi ngexesha lokuzala.
Xa kukho ixesha lokukhwelana, inkunzi ikhwela kumqolo wemazi ize igobe isisu sayo de umjelo wayo wesondo ungqamane nowemazi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ingathatha iiyure eziliqela. Ekugqibeleni, uninzi lwabanye bane-spermatozoa kwimazi kwaye emva kokukhwelana amaqanda aveliswe yi-parthenogenesis. Imazi idla ngokuwabeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayaphila.
Kwisetingi ngasinye i-Phasmid inokufumana indawo phakathi kwekhulu kunye namaqanda angama-1200. Ezinye iintlobo ziphosa amaqanda ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni ngokushukuma kwesisu kwaye ezinye ziwangcwabe kwimingxuma emincinci. Kukwakho nezinye iindidi ezisifaka kwii-axils zesityalo. Iqanda ngalinye lizakuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30 ukuqanduselwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezinambuzane ezinamathele kunye neempawu zazo.