Nokuba awuyazi, intlanzi lelona qela likhulu lezilwanyana ezinomqolo, ezineentlobo eziphantse zibe ngama-28000 ehlabathini. Uninzi lwazo luhlala elwandle, kodwa lukwasemanzini acocekileyo.
Kodwa, wazi ntoni ngentlanzi? Njengoko benjalo? Zeziphi iindidi zeentlanzi ezikhoyo? Kweli candelo uya kufumana lonke ulwazi umntu othanda ezi zilwanyana angathanda ukuyazi.
Iintlanzi liqela elikhulu lezilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo ehlala emanzini. Ubungakanani babo bunokwahluka kakhulu, kuba banokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-8 millimeters ukuya kwi-12 yeemitha. Isizathu sokuba ufumane iintlobo ezininzi zazo. Ngaphandle koko, Ziqhelaniswe namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo emanzini, zikwazi ukuhlala kwiindawo ezisuka kuma-40 degrees ukuya ku-2.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlanzi zizilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Ngokwe-Anatomically, banendawo yobuchopho ekhuselweyo ngebhokisi ye-cranial kwaye kuloo ndawo yomzimba wabo bagcina amehlo, amazinyo (umlomo) kunye namalungu eemvakalelo.
Zizilwanyana ezinomqolo kunye ne-ectothermic. Oko kukuthi, banokubulawula ubushushu bomzimba wabo ngokuzikhokela kunye nemekobume.
Ngenxa yokuba bahlala emanzini, akukho mfuneko yokuba baphume kuyo ukuze baphefumle, kodwa sebenzisa iigill ukwenza oko (kunye nabo bayakwazi ukufunxa ioksijini echithwa ngamanzi). Ukongezelela, umzimba wayo uphela ugqunywe ngamaxolo, athi ngandlel’ ithile ayikhusele, ibe inamaphiko angawo ekwaziyo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ngaphantsi kwindawo ehlala emanzini.
Umdla esinokukuxelela malunga neentlanzi malunga nobudala bazo. Njengemithi, iintlanzi nazo zishiya uphawu olucacileyo lweminyaka yazo. Yaye kukuba izazinge zokukhula zenziwa zezo zimisela iminyaka le ntlanzi enayo.
Njengabantu, iintlanzi nazo zinezivamvo. Ngelixa ezinye ziphuhliswe ngakumbi kunabanye.
Uluvo lokubona ayisiyiyo enye yee-asethi zayo ezilungileyo, ekubeni, nangona amehlo baye baziqhelanise ukuze babone emanzini, abakwazi ukuphatha ukudlulisela kwiintlanzi uhlobo oluchazwe kakuhle oko bakubonayo. Enyanisweni, okukhona behlala emazantsi, kokukhona bebona mandundu ngakumbi, ngokuchasene noko kwenzekayo kwabo bakufutshane phezu komhlaba.
Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwakhona kuhlobo lweentlanzi, kuba, ngokomzekelo, iintlanzi ze-bony ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokucacileyo imibala yezinto ezizibonayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwaye ngokubanzi, akukho ntlanzi inokubona ngokucacileyo imibala kunye neemilo zezinto ezizijikelezileyo, yingakho, xa ziloba, kulula kuba azikwazi ukwahlula kakuhle.
Indlela yokubamba intlanzi isekelwe kwisixhobo soluvo esibizwa ngokuba ngumgca osecaleni. Ezi zi-sensory corpuscles eziphezu komzimba wayo, zenza umgca obonakalayo phakathi kwazo emacaleni. Oku kusebenza zombini ukwazi ingqiqo yolwalathiso kwaye, ngokusebenzisa amaza othusayo emanzini, ukwazi ukuba kukho izinto ezikujikelezileyo, ezinye iintlanzi, njl.
Esinye sezivamvo eziphuhlileyo kwintlanzi kukuvumba. Oku kufumaneka kwindawo engaphambili yentloko, apho ineempumlo (ngaphandle kweentlanzi ze-cartilaginous ezinabo phantsi kobuso, kwindawo yomlomo). Yenzelwe ntoni? Kaloku, bayisebenzisela ukwahlula iintshaba kwanokukhangela ukutya.
Isivamvo sokuva sesinye sezo ziphuculwe ngcono, ekubeni inendlebe yangaphakathi edibana nesinyi sokudada. Le yile ikhupha ii-vibrations ekubeni, igcwele igesi, xa indlebe ihambisa amaza omsindo, igesi iyahamba.
Enyanisweni, nokuba awuyazi, kukho iintlanzi ezikwaziyo ukwenza izandi. Ezi zifana ncakasana nokutswina, yiyo loo nto xa kusithiwa intlanzi iyakhala, ayidlaliswa, koko iyakwazi.
Ukongezelela, iintlanzi zinxibelelana ngesandi, yindlela yokunxibelelana, zombini ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye nezinye iintlanzi kunye nokoyikisa iintshaba zabo.
Okokugqibela, imvakalelo yokungcamla ayikho emlonyeni kuphela, kodwa nasentloko, inxalenye yomzimba wabo, ezilevini zabo...
Iintlanzi zaziwa ngokuba zivele kwi-chordates ngexesha leCambrian. Kodwa akwaziwa ngenene ukuba yintoni imvelaphi yabo, kuphela elona qela lakudala kubo, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ostracoderms, apho ii-agnaths (izibane kunye nemixube) zazalwa. Ezi ntlanzi zazinezixhobo ezikhusela intloko nenxalenye yomboko wazo, yiyo loo nto kucingelwa ukuba zazivelela ngolo hlobo. Injongo yabo yayikukukhusela amanye amarhamncwa awayehlala nawo kwindawo enye.
I-Ostracoderms yavuka kwaye yazala ngokukhawuleza, ingahlali kuphela elwandle, kodwa kunye nemilambo kunye namachibi. Kwakungexesha le-Devoni xa baqala ukubhanga. Kodwa, kunoko, kwavela intlanzi yokuqala, efana ngakumbi naleyo siyaziyo ngoku.
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, Kukho phantse 28000 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo. Kodwa zonke zinokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amathathu amakhulu. Zezi:
Baziwa ngcono njenge intlanzi engenamihlathi Zinemilo yakudala kakhulu, ngakumbi kwi-skeleton. Kwaye mhlawumbi ngabokuqala ukuvela kwaye baye baqhubeka bekho kwimihla yethu. Zibonakala ngokuba nomzimba omile okwe-eel kunye nomlomo ongashukumiyo. Kodwa ezele ngamazinyo abukhali aneempondo, ezikwaziyo ukuhlasela ixhoba lawo kwaye zinamathele kuwo ngenxa yekomityi yokufunxa abayisebenzisayo, ngamazinyo abo, ukunika ingxelo entle ngexhoba labo.
Yaziwa ngcono njenge Intlanzi enkulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba banamathambo enziwe ngecartilage, nto leyo ebenza babe bhetyebhetye kakhulu. Inezibini ezimbini zamaphiko, i-scapular (okanye ngaphambili) kunye ne-pelvic (okanye yangasemva) yamaphiko.
Njengeyangaphambili, banamazinyo kwaye uninzi lwabo lutya inyama, kodwa abadli ngokudada njengezinye iintlanzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba abanaso isinyi sokuqubha.
ebizwa intlanzi enamathambo. Ziintlanzi ezinamathambo apheleleyo, kwaye zezona zininzi kuzo zonke iindidi. Inyani yeyokuba ngokwemilo yomzimba yahluke kakhulu, kunye nentloko, amaphiko, izikali ...
Kakade ke, ezi ntlanzi azinawo amazinyo.
Fumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwicandelo lezolimo zaselwandle laseSpain: utshintsho lwemozulu, iindlela ezilungileyo, ukulandeleka kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwiimveliso zezolimo zaselwandle.
Ikhalenda ephambili yeziganeko zezolimo zasemanzini kunye noqoqosho oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kugxilwe kwiMurcia, ubuchule, inkxaso-mali kunye nokuzinza.
Funda ibali likaGastón ushark, iminyaka engama-20 e-Aquarium Finisterrae e-A Coruña waza waba yindawo ephambili yokutsala abantu kwigumbi laseNautilus.
Fumanisa indlela ukulima aquaculture eMeditera okutshintsha ngayo: amazwe akhokelayo, uzinzo, iiprojekthi eziphambili kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo kweli candelo.
Fumanisa iintlanzi ezingaqhelekanga ezivela kwihlabathi liphela nakwii-aquariums: iintlobo ezinqabileyo, ukhathalelo, ukuhambelana, kunye nemizekelo emangalisayo yokuseta i-aquarium eyahlukileyo.
Fumanisa isizathu sokuba i-coelacanth ibe yifosili ephilayo esengozini enkulu kunye nezoyikiso ezibeka emngciphekweni imbali yayo engaqhelekanga yokuzivelela kwezinto.
Fumanisa isizathu sokuba i-coelacanth ibe yifosili ephilayo, ibhayoloji yayo, ukuvela kwayo, ubomi obude kakhulu, kunye neengozi ezikhoyo elwandle olunzulu.
Ingxelo entsha yoshaka omkhulu omhlophe oselula kwiMeditera yaseSpain: ithetha ukuthini, apho yavela khona kunye nomngcipheko wokwenene ewubekayo kunxweme lwethu.
Fumanisa i-whale shark, eyona ntlanzi inkulu ehlabathini: indawo yokuhlala, ukutya, ukufuduka kunye nesizathu sokuba isengozini yokuphela.
Ukubona ooshaki beThresher eCoquimbo: kwenzeke ntoni, nokuba kuyingozi na kubabhukudi, kunye noko iingcali kunye nabasemagunyeni bakucebisayo xa bejamelene nezi ziganeko.
Fumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle: iintlanzi, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, i-algae, iikorale, iifudo kunye nokunye, kunye nemizekelo, izinto ezimangalisayo kunye namaqela aphambili.
I-Port of Vigo ifaka iingqaqa zokwenziwa ukuze ikhusele ihashe lolwandle kwaye ibuyisele izinto eziphilayo kwichweba lomlambo ngeprojekthi ye-HIPPO-REF.