- Akuvumelekanga ukuboniswa kwezinja neekati kwiikheyiji, kwiibhokisi zeglasi, okanye kwiindawo ezithintela ukuhamba kwazo eMexico City.
- Ukuthengiswa nokwamkelwa kwesilwanyana kungenziwa kuphela ngokuqeshwa kwangaphambili nangaphantsi kweliso likagqirha wezilwanyana.
- Izilwanyana kufuneka zicocwe iintsholongwane, zisuswe iintsholongwane, kwaye zibe nesatifiketi sempilo nemvelaphi yazo.
- Isohlwayo sokungawuthobeli umthetho sifikelela kwi-UMA ezingama-3.000, kunye nezohlwayo eziphezulu kakhulu kwezoqoqosho.
ISixeko saseMexico sithathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwicandelo ukhuseleko kunye nentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana ezihamba nazo Ngokuvuma utshintsho olutshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela izinja neekati ezinokuthengiswa ngayo ezivenkileni. Ukususela oko lo mthetho uqala ukusebenza, akuvumelekanga ukuzigcina zivalelwe kwiikheyiji, kwiibhokisi zokubonisa, okanye kwiindawo ezincinci ngokungathi zizinto zokubonisa nje.
Esi sigqibo siza emva kokuba iminyaka yezikhalazo kunye neephulo zabemi ngokuchasene nokuboniswa kweenjana kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ezinengxolo engapheliyo, izibane ezikhanyayo, kunye nokuhamba kwabantu okungapheliyo. Isicwangciso-nkqubo esitsha somthetho asijolisanga nje ekuthinteleni ukuphathwa kakubi okunxulumene nale mikhuba, kodwa sikwakhuthaza utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga ukuya kulwalamano olunoxanduva ngakumbi nezilwanyana, into enokuthi EYurophu naseSpain Oku kuxoxwa ngako ngamandla akhulayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye le nto yokuthintela?
I-Mexico City Congress ivumile utshintsho oluthi Iyakwalela amaziko orhwebo ukuba abonise izinja neekati kwiikheji, kwiindawo zokubonisa, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezithintela ukuhamba kwazo.Oku kuchaphazela ngakumbi iivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya ikwiindawo zokuthenga nakwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, apho kwakuqhelekile ukubona izilwanyana zivalelwe iiyure ezininzi.
Lo mlinganiselo wahlula phakathi kweendawo zokubonisa kunye neendawo ezibekelwe ukuhlala izilwanyana. Izinja neekati mazihlale kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina izilwanyanakude nefestile yokubonisa, indawo eyaneleyo, ukuphumla, ukufikelela emanzini, ukutya, kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Abasayi kuvunyelwa ukuba bachithe ubusuku okanye ixesha elide kwiibhokisi zokubonisa okanye kwiindawo ezincinci ezifihliweyo ezibonakala ngokupheleleyo kuluntu.
Injongo echaziweyo yile ukukhusela impilo yomzimba neyeemvakalelo yezilwanyana. Iingxelo ezininzi ezivela kwimibutho yokukhusela izilwanyana zibonise ukuba ukuvalelwa ixesha elide kwiimeko zokubonisa Kubangela amanqanaba aphezulu okuxhalaba, uloyiko, iingxaki zokuziphatha, kunye nokuba sesichengeni esikhulu sezifo.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokuphelisa ukubonisa iifestile ngokuthe ngqo, abasemagunyeni bafuna ukuphazamisa ukuthenga ngokungxama iinjanangokusekelwe kuphela kwinkangeleko yesilwanyana, kwaye ikhuthaze izigqibo ezicingisisiweyo nezinoxanduva kwabo bafuna ukwamkela okanye ukuthenga.
Ngale ndlela, amava eSixeko saseMexico angasebenza njengesalathiso se iingxoxo zomthetho eYurophu naseSpainapho imithetho yentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana sele ipasisiwe ethintela ukuthengiswa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya ezivenkileni ezibonakalayo kwaye ikhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezilwanyana endaweni yokuthenga.
Intengiso kunye nokwamkelwa ngokuqeshwa kuphela
Enye yezona nguqu zibalulekileyo kukuba Ukuthengiswa nokwamkelwa kwezinja neekati kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngokumiselwa.Ngamanye amazwi, imodeli ethi "Ndiza kuyithatha ngoku" emva kokubona injana efestileni yevenkile iphelile. Iivenkile kuya kufuneka zilungiselele inkqubo yokubhukisha kunye nokutyelela okucwangcisiweyo.
Ngethuba lelo dinga, ubukho be- ugqirha wezilwanyana ogxile ekufuyeni izilwanyanaUmntu onoxanduva lokujonga imeko yesilwanyana uya kukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo aze achaze iimfuno ezisisiseko zohlobo kunye naloo mntu kumntu onomdla. Injongo kukuba isigqibo sokugqibela senziwe ngolwazi olwaneleyo kunye nesikhokelo sobungcali.
Ukuze kube lula le nkqubo, ukusetyenziswa iikhathalogu zedijithali okanye iinkqubo ezifanayo Ezi zibonelelo zivumela abanakekeli abanokubakho ukuba badibane nezilwanyana ezikhoyo ngaphandle kokuzibeka kwiibhokisi zeglasi. Emva kokukhetha umntu oza kwamkela umntwana, utyelelo lucwangcisiwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana apho inja okanye ikati inokushukuma khona ngokukhululekileyo.
Ekupheleni kwedinga, ukuba ukwamkelwa okanye ukuthengwa akukagqitywa, isilwanyana kufuneka sibuyiselwe kwindawo yaso yokuhlala eqhelekileyo, indawo efunwa ngumthetho ukuze ihambelane nayo. iimeko zentlalo-ntle ezincinciAyinakushiya "ipakishwe" efestileni yevenkile ilinde ukuba omnye umthengi onokubakho adlule.
Le nkqubo ihambelana neendlela esele zisetyenziswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu, apho Ubudlelwane nezilwanyana buthathwa njengokwamkelwa okunembopheleleko kunokuba bube yintengiselwano nje yorhwebo.ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukushiywa kunye nokuthenga ngokungxama.
Iimfuno zempilo nentlalo-ntle yezinja neekati
Olu tshintsho lukwazisa uthotho lwezibophelelo kwabo bathengisa izinja neekati. Kuphela ziisampulu ezicociweyo nezisuswe iintshulube ezinokuthi zinikezelweOku kujoliswe ekulawuleni ukuzala ngokungakhethiyo nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ezibangelwa zizinambuzane.
Amaziko kufuneka ukubonelela ngesatifikethi sempilo nemvelaphi Kwisilwanyana ngasinye, ingxelo kufuneka ichaze imvelaphi yaso, imeko yempilo, kunye nonyango esilufumeneyo. Oku kujoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuzalana okungafanelekanga kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezingacacanga, ezifana nezo zifunyenwe kwezinye iinethiwekhi zokurhweba ngeenjana eYurophu.
Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo ichaza ukuba Abathengi okanye abantu abamkelayo bafumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha Olu lwazi, oluvezwe ngokucacileyo nangendlela eqondakalayo, lujolise ekunciphiseni amazinga embuyekezo kunye nokushiya izinto kwixesha eliphakathi.
Kukwacingelwa ukuba ukuba ukwamkelwa okanye ukuthengiswa akuphumeleli nangasiphi na isizathu, kuya kubakho umhla wokugqibela wokubuyisela isilwanyana ukuya kwindawo yokuhlala, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nomrhumo wokubuyiselwa kwesilwanyana. Le ndlela inceda ekuboneleleni ngomda othile wokhuseleko kumntu nakwisilwanyana, ithintela ukuba sihlale kwindawo esingafanelekiyo kuyo.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yile ukuvalwa kokuthengiswa kweenjana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezine ubudalaOku kuhambelana neengcebiso zeengcali kunye nemithetho ethile yaseYurophu ebeka ubuncinane beminyaka yokuzala ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olufanelekileyo kunye nobudlelwane obuncinci nonina kunye nosana.
Iintlawulo, izohlwayo kunye nokubeka esweni ummiselo omtsha
Ukuphunyezwa kolu hlengahlengiso kuya kuba sezandleni zorhulumente IOfisi yoMmeli wezoCwangciso lweNdalo kunye noMhlaba (i-PAOT), iqumrhu elinoxanduva lokujonga amaziko kunye nokusebenzisa izohlwayo ezifanelekileyo xa kukho ukwaphulwa komthetho.
Isohlwayo esilindelekileyo siphakathi Iiyunithi ezili-150 kunye nezingama-3.000 zokulinganisa nokuhlaziya (UMA)okuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-16.900 kunye ne-339.000 pesosEzi mali zimele isohlwayo esikhulu semali kwiivenkile eziqhubeka nokubonisa izinja neekati kwiikheji okanye kwiibhokisi zeglasi okanye ezingahambelaniyo neemeko ezintsha zentlalo-ntle.
Ukongeza kwizohlwayo zoqoqosho, le mithetho ivula ithuba lokuba Amanyathelo ongezelelweyo afana nokurhoxiswa kweelayisenisi okanye ukuvalwa kwabenzi bobubi abaphinda-phindayo. Ngale nto, abasemagunyeni bafuna ukuyithintela ngamandla indlela yendabuko yokuthengisa izilwanyana zasekhaya njengempahla eboniswa eluntwini.
Ukuqinisa ulawulo, kuye kwacetyiswa amanyathelo ancedisayo kwicandelo lezopolitiko, njengokwenziwa Abemi okanye amaqela angamalungu asebenza “njengabalindi” bentlalo-ntle yezilwanyanaukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokuhambisa izikhalazo. Nangona olu hlobo lwezindululo lubangela ingxoxo, lubonisa inkxalabo ekhulayo yoluntu malunga nokuphathwa kwezilwanyana.
Ngaxeshanye, olu hlobo lwesohlwayo lungasebenza njengesalathiso se imigaqo yexesha elizayo kwiManyano yaseYurophuapho ukungathobeli imithetho yentlalontle yezilwanyana kudla ngokubangela izigwebo ezinkulu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukungafaneleki ekwenzeni imisebenzi enxulumene nezilwanyana ezihamba nazo.
Ishedyuli yokuphunyezwa kunye notshintsho kwimodeli yeshishini
Olu tshintsho aluyi kuqaliswa ngoko nangoko. Umbhalo wezomthetho uthi Ukuvalwa kuza kuqala ukusebenza emva kweentsuku ezingama-365 zekhalenda emva kokupapashwa kwayo kwiGazethi Esemthethweni yeSixeko saseMexico. Oku kunika iivenkile ithuba lonyaka omnye lokuziqhelanisa nemodeli entsha.
Ngeli xesha, abasemagunyeni kufuneka izikhokelo ezithile zemveliso Ezi zikhokelo ziza kuchaza ezona mfuno zincinci zeendawo apho izilwanyana ziza kugcinwa khona, iindlela zokunyamekela, inkqubo yokuhlela amadinga, kunye neemfuno zokubhala amaxwebhu. Eli liza kuba lixesha leephulo zolwazi ezijoliswe kumashishini nakuluntu ngokubanzi.
Kwiindawo eziqeshwayo, eli xesha lithetha imfuneko yokuba lungisa kwakhona izakhiwo zakhoUkutyala imali kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zolawulo lweentlanganiso kunye neekhathalogu zedijithali nako kuyacetyiswa. Amanye amashishini anokukhetha ukuyeka ukuthengisa izilwanyana zasekhaya aze agxile kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo, into esele iqhelekile kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu.
Ngaxeshanye, olu hlaziyo ludibanisa inkqubo ebanzi: kwiSixeko saseMexico, amanyathelo afana ukuthintelwa kokuthengiswa kwezilwanyana kwiimarike zasezitratweni, kwiimarike nakwiimarikeokanye ukuqatshelwa kwezilwanyana “njengezidalwa ezineemvakalelo” kumthetho wasekuhlaleni. Imiqathango kwimiboniso yezilwanyana ikwakhuthazwe, ngokuhambelana neendlela ezibonwayo kwiindawo ezininzi zaseSpain.
Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba imodeli entsha yobudlelwane obusemthethweni nobentlalontle nezilwanyana, apho impilo-ntle yabo iyeka ukuba yingxaki yesibini kwaye ithatha indawo ephambili kwimigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa.
Ngolu tshintsho, iSixeko saseMexico sizibeka njengomzekelo wendlela izixeko ezinkulu ezinokwenza ngayo Ukucinga ngokutsha ngokuthengiswa kwezinja neekati, ukubeka impilo-ntle yazo phambili kunefestile yevenkileNangona iYurophu neSpain ziqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwimithetho yokukhusela izilwanyana, amava aseMexico aqinisa ingcamango yokuba ukuyeka ukubonisa izilwanyana zasekhaya kwiifestile zeevenkile, ukufuna iimeko ezingqongqo zococeko, kunye nokohlwaya ngokungqongqo ukungathobeli imithetho ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwezilwanyana kunye nokukhuthaza ukuba nezilwanyana zasekhaya ezinoxanduva ngakumbi.