Xa sifumana isilwanyana sasekhaya, sihlala sifumanisa ngeso silwanyana kwangaphambili okanye kwimpukane: Luthini uhlobo lwaso lohlobo, into esiyityayo kunye nendlela yokusondla ngayo, izifo ezinokuzifumana, ixesha lokuphila, njl. Namhlanje sinolwazi oluninzi ngezilwanyana zasekhaya kangangokuba sinokucinga ukuba sele sisazi yonke into ngazo. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kukho okungakumbi ekufuneka kufundwe ingakumbi izilwanyana zasekhaya ezaziwa kwaye zifundiswa njengezinja. Ngaba uyazi ukuba zivela phi izinja?
Uninzi luya kuthi luvela kwiingcuka, kwaye oko kunokuba yinyani. Kodwa le ndaleko yenzeke njani? Yaye ziye zakwazi njani ukuvela iintlanga ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo nezahluke kangaka kwingcuka? Siza kuphendula konke oku kweli nqaku.
Zabakho njani izinja?
Ngokuqhelekileyo izinja zaziwa ngokuba yingcuka, isilwanyana esikhulu esibizwa ngokuba yingcuka I-Canis lupus. Ngaphambili kwakucingwa ukuba inja yasekhaya, okanye ICanis ifaris, yayiyeyohlobo olunye nokhokho wakhe ngenxa yezifundo zemfuza ezaziqhutywa, ezinjengokulandelelana kweDNA. Nangona kunjalo, Namhlanje zithathwa njengeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Iingcali zinethiyori malunga nokuba zivela phi izinja. Xa umntu wayeka ukuba ngumhambi waza waqala ukuseka iidolophana kunye nezityalo, iingcuka mhlawumbi zaqala ukutya iintsalela ukuba abantu bahambe, ukusondela kwaye kufutshane nabemi. Ngale ndlela, umntu wayekwazi ukuseka unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo ngakumbi nesilwanyana ade afumane intembeko. Kwaye ke, kancinci kancinci, yaba yindlela umntu awayithambisa ngayo ingcuka de yaba ngumhlobo wethu osenyongweni: inja. Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye iingcaciso ezinokubakho zendlela ezabakho ngayo ezi zilwanyana zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhaswa luphando olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia.
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Ngokuphathelele ukubonakala kwezinja kuqala, kuqikelelwa ukuba ibuyele kwi-14 okanye i-15 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha, ezi zilwanyana zazihlala ikakhulu eAsia naseYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwaye ixesha elide, izinja zazisetyenziselwa ukuzingela. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukho bakhe bubangelwa sisipho sakhe sokukhangela inyama yaye ngaloo ndlela sincede impucuko iphile. Emva kokuba umntu eyishiyile indlela yakhe yokuphila "yasendle", iimfuno ekwakufuneka izinja zigubungele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zatshintsha, kwaye ke neempawu ezifunekayo xa zifuywa. Ukusuka apho kwavela izinja zasekhaya njengoko sizazi namhlanje.
Enye ingcamango
Njengoko sele sichazile ngasentla, kukho ezinye iingcamango malunga nokuba izinja zivela phi. Omnye umzekelo uya kuba ngulowo uthi le silwanyana uphuma kwiqela leminyanya elidibene nengcuka, endaweni yokuba uvele kuye ngqo. Lo khokho uqhelekileyo uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30. Yingcuka yezinyanya eya kuba sisiqalo seentlobo zombini.
Zavela nini izinja zasekhaya?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abembi bezinto zakudala basahleli bengavumelani malunga nemvelaphi yenja yasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, Kukho izifundo zamva nje zaseTshayina eziqinisekisa ukuba izinja zokuqala ezabelana ngobomi bazo nabantu zavela kwiminyaka engamawaka angama-33 eyadlulayo eAsia, ngokukodwa kumzantsi-mpuma. Olu phando lwenziwa yiKunming Institute of Zoology, ekumazantsi eTshayina. Apho baye bavavanya ulandelelwano lweegenomic ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwitotali yama-58 canids. Zibandakanya izinja ezingama-27 ezithathwa njengezakudala kunye ne-19 leenja zangoku. Abalishumi elinambini abaseleyo yayiziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengcuka engwevu, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ngoyena ukhokho wethu osondeleyo kwizilwanyana zethu ezizithandayo zenja.
Ngokusebenzisa ezi genomes zifunyenweyo, i-Kunming Institute of Zoology yenza imephu ebonisa ukwanda kwezinja kumawaka aliqela eminyaka. Ngaphandle koko, Le mephu ibonisa ixesha elimalunga nama-20 eminyaka phakathi kwezinja zokuqala zasekhaya e-Asia kunye nezinja ezifuywayo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintsalela zokuqala zezinto zakudala eziye zabonisa ubukho bokuhlalisana phakathi kwabantu nezinja. Basusela malunga ne-15 lamawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezi ntsalela zafunyanwa kwiindawo zePaleolithic ezifumaneka kumathafa aseRashiya yanamhlanje. Kwakukho ngeli xesha ukuba i-subspecies yezinja zokhokho zaqala ukufudukela e-Afrika, kuMbindi Mpuma naseYurophu. Bafika kweli lizwekazi lokugqibela kwiminyaka nje eli-10 lamawaka eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-16 13 ne-XNUMX XNUMX eyadlulayo, abantu bokuqala bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele eMerika benqumla iBering Strait, eyayinomkhenkce ngelo xesha. Aba bantu bebesele bekhatshwa zizilwanyana zasekhaya.
Olu phononongo lwaseTshayina oluzama ukuphendula umbuzo apho izinja zivela khona lupapashwe kwijenali yenzululwazi yehlabathi ebizwa ngokuba yi “Cell Research”. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo ukuze kuchazwe ngokubhekele phaya ixesha kunye nendawo owavela kuyo oyena mhlobo wokwenene.
Zadalwa njani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinja?
Abantu abaninzi abasazibuza kuphela apho izinja zivela khona, kodwa nokuba zininzi kangakanani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezadalwa. Ewe, ezi nzala ziqale nge-basenji. Yeyona ntlobo indala ye-canine. Ukuqala kolu hlobo, ngaphezu kwekhulu zaphuhliswa kwaye zadalwa namhlanje. Ezi ntlobo zintsha azibangelwa kuphela kukhetho lwendalo, kodwa kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nokukhethwa okwenziwa ngabo.
Ngokuxhomekeka kuluntu lwabantu, izinja zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweyona misebenzi ixhaphakileyo yayiyeyabazingeli, izinja zabalindi, izinja, abaqokeleli bezilwanyana zasemanzini, izilwanyana zasekhaya okanye iqabane lezilwanyana, njl. Ngamnye kule misebenzi ufuna izakhono ezithile. Ngoko, Umntu ugxininise ukuzala kwezinja kwiikhrayitheriya eziyimfuneko ukuze zifezekise umsebenzi wazo ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo. Ngaloo ndlela, izinto ezikhethekileyo zodidi ngalunye lwaye lwamiselwa de kwafunyaniswa iindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngoku siyazi ngakumbi malunga nembali yomhlobo wethu osenyongweni, inja. Ngokwazi iingcambu zabo zendalo kunye nethuku kunye nemisebenzi yabo, sinokukwazi ukuqonda ngcono amaqabane ethu anoboya.