Isantya kwizilwanyana siyanika umdla, kwaye xa sicinga ngesona silwanyana sikhawulezayo emhlabeni, sicinga ngezidalwa eziye zavela zahamba ngesantya esichukumisayo, nokuba sisemoyeni, emhlabeni, okanye emanzini. Eli nqaku liza kukuthatha uhambo ngokuhlalutya kunye nenkcazo yezilwanyana ezikhawulezayo kwihlabathi, kunye nokuhlola ezinye zeentlobo ezikhawulezayo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo.
I-Falcon yePeregrine: UKumkani ongenakuphikiswa wesantya
El Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) yaziwa ngokubanzi njenge esona silwanyana sikhawulezayo emhlabeni. Le ntaka idla inyama inokufikelela isantya esimangalisayo xa izingela ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngethuba lokuntywila, i-peregrine falcon inokufikelela kwisantya ukuya kwi-389 km / h (242 mph), ivumela ukuba ibambe ixhoba layo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza.
I-Peregrine falcons ihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, ukusuka kwi-arctic tundras ukuya kwiintlango kunye namahlathi. Zitya kakhulu ngezinye iintaka, ezizingelayo xa zibhabha. Ukuze zigcine isantya sazo, la marhamncwa anezihlunu ezinamandla kunye nokwakheka kwamathambo alula kodwa omelele.
Ukukwazi kwazo ukubhabha ngesantya esinjalo kubangelwa yintlanganisela yokwakheka komzimba, kuquka umsila omde otsolo namaphiko anciphisa ukuxhathisa umoya, kwanamehlo azo akhethekileyo, abhetele ngokuphindwe kasibhozo kunawabantu.
Ingwenkala: Imbaleki yoMhlaba
Xa sifudukela kubukumkani behlabathi, itayitile yezilwanyana ezikhawulezayo emhlabeni iphethwe yi ingwenkala (Acinonyx jubatus). Le ntaka inokufikelela kwisantya sokuya kuthi ga kwi-112 km/h (70 mph) kumgama omfutshane, awukho ngaphezulu kwe-500 yeemitha. Obu buchule buvumela ukuba izingele ixhoba elikhawulezayo njenge-antelope kunye nemivundla.
Umzimba wengwenkala uyilelwe isantya. Imilenze yayo emide, ebhityileyo, umqolo obhetyebhetye kunye nomsila olungeleleneyo uyivumela ukuba ijike ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Iingwenkala zinezihlunu ezikhethekileyo ezivumela ukuba zibaleke, amandla amakhulu okuphefumla, kunye neempumlo ezinwebileyo eziququzelela ukugxothwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufunxa ioksijini.
Nangona iingwenkala zikhawuleza ngendlela emangalisayo, isantya sazo siza kwiindleko. Isantya esiphezulu sinokubangela ukuba batshise ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kufuneka baphumle emva kogqatso. Ukongeza, umzimba wabo obhityileyo kunye nobukhali ubenza babe sesichengeni kwezinye izilwanyana ezinamandla nezinamandla ngakumbi.
ISailfish: Eyona Ndadi ikhawulezayo
Kubukumkani basemanzini, i iseyilefish (Istiophorus platypterus) inesihloko sesona silwanyana sikhawulezayo. Le ntlanzi inomtsalane ingaqubha ngesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110 km/h (68 mph), iyenze ibe lirhamncwa eloyikekayo elwandle.
I-Sailfish ziyaziwa ngokwandiswa kwazo, njenge-seile-like dorsal fin, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa kunye nokufumana isantya. Umzimba wayo ude kwaye ulungelelaniswe, ngokukodwa ulungiselelwe ukunqumla emanzini ngokuxhathisa okuncinci. Zitya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi ezincinci kunye neskwidi, ezizingela ngesantya kunye nokukhawuleza kwazo.
I-Sailfish isebenzisa isantya sayo esimangalisayo ukwenza imiphunga ekhawulezayo kwaye ibambe amaxhoba abo. Into enomdla malunga nabo kukuba banokuhlengahlengisa imetabolism yabo ukuze benze ukuqhuma okufutshane kwesantya esinamandla ngaphandle kokudinwa ngokukhawuleza.
Izinambuzane ezikhawulezayo: I-Rocket Flying Dragonfly
Isantya esimangalisayo sezinambuzane akufanele sijongelwe phantsi. I idragoni-fly (usapho i-Libellulidae) sesona sinambuzane sibhabhayo sikhawulezayo, sifikelela kwisantya esingama-56 km/h (35 mph). Kwisinambuzane ubungakanani baso, oku kuyancomeka kakhulu.
Oohlabamanzi banemizimba emide, elula kunye namaphiko amancinci, anamandla abenza bakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Zihlala zibonwa kufutshane nemithombo yamanzi, apho zizingela ezinye izinambuzane xa zibhabha, zithatha ithuba lokukhawuleza kwazo nokubamba amaxhoba azo.
Kubangel’ umdla ukubukela oohlabamanzi abasebenzisa amehlo abo akhethekileyo ukuze babone baze baleqe ixhoba labo. Bayakwazi ukuhlengahlengisa ukubhabha kwabo ngoko nangoko kwaye benze ujiko olubukhali, babenze abazingeli abasebenzayo nangona benobukhulu obuncinci.
Ingwe Aster yoLwandle: Inkwenkwezi yaseLwandle
Nangona ingaziwa kangako, i ingwe yolwandle iaster (Astroscopus y-graecum) sesinye isantya esitsala umdla kwizilwanyana. Le ntlanzi iyakwazi ukuziqhubela ngesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70 km/h (43 mph) emanzini isebenzisa ngokukhawuleza, ukucutha kwemisipha enamandla.
I-sea tiger aster isebenzisa ubuchule bayo bokulalela ixhoba layo ukusuka elwandle. Inezihlunu ezikhethekileyo kunye nesakhiwo somzimba esivumela ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza kwentshukumo ukubamba ixhoba elingalindelekanga.
Ezi zilwanyana azikhawulezanga nje kuphela, kodwa zinamalungu ombane ezinokuthi zisebenzise ukumangalisa amaxhoba azo. Oku kubanika inzuzo ephindwe kabini kwisenzo sokuzingela.
IiCuriosities kunye nokuthelekisa phakathi kwezilwanyana ezikhawulezayo
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthelekisa izilwanyana ezikhawulezayo ezivela kwizikumkani ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Nangona i-peregrine falcon, i-seilfish, kunye ne-cheetah zinezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesantya, zonke zabelana ngomsebenzi ophambili wokusebenzisa isantya ukuzingela nokuphila.
Umzekelo, i Peregrine falcon isebenzisa ukuntywila kwayo okumangalisayo ukubamba iintaka phakathi kwinqwelomoya, ngelixa i ingwenkala Kuxhomekeke kwi-sprint yakho ukubamba i-antelope kwii-savannahs zaseAfrika. Kwelinye icala, i iseyilefish isebenzisa isantya sayo ukuhlawula nokubambisa iintlanzi emanzini, kunye ne idragoni-fly Izuza kubuchule bayo bokuhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuzingela izinambuzane emoyeni.
I-Evolution ibangele ulungelelwaniso olumangalisayo kunye neendlela zesantya kwiintlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Nganye ibubungqina bobuchule kunye nokwahlukahlukana kobomi eMhlabeni.
Ngokufutshane, ihlabathi lezilwanyana lizele yimizekelo enomdla yesantya kunye nokukhawuleza. Ukusukela ekwehleni okunesiyezi kohlobo lwengwenkala ukuya kwisantya sogqabhuko-dubulo lwengwenkala emhlabeni, nganye yezi mbaleki isibonisa indlela indalo ephuhlise ngayo iindlela ezizodwa zokusebenzisa isantya ukuze siphile.