Ixesha lomkhenkce: Izilwanyana kunye ne-Ecosystems
I-Ice Age, okanye i-Ice Age, ligama elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuthetha ngamaxesha kwimbali yoMhlaba apho iindawo ezinkulu zomphezulu zazigqunywe ngumkhenkce womkhenkce. Awona maxesha aziwayo okukhenkceza kwenzeka kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezibini edlulileyo. La maxesha aye asisiseko ekubunjweni kweendawo kunye nokuvela kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ukuqonda izilwanyana kunye ne-ecosystem yeli xesha akusivumeli kuphela ukuba sifunde ngakumbi malunga nexesha elidlulileyo leplanethi yethu, kodwa kwakhona. bafunde ngakumbi malunga ne izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi yangoku kunye nekamva layo elinokwenzeka.
Imozulu ye-Ice Age kunye ne-Ecosystems
Ngexesha le-Ice Age, imozulu yoMhlaba yayibanda ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kakhulu kunanamhlanje. Iimitha zomkhenkce zandisa iilwimi zazo zomkhenkce ukusuka kwiipali ukuya kwi-latitudes ezisezantsi, ziguqula imbonakalo yomhlaba kwaye zinyanzelela iintlobo ukuba ziqhelane okanye zinyamalale. Engundoqo Iinkqubo zendalo Zazibunjwe zii-tundras kunye ne-steppes, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima.
I-Tundras yayiyimihlaba elawulwa ngumhlaba onomkhenkce kunye ne-permafrost, inciphisa ukukhula kwemithi kwaye ithanda uhlaza oluphantsi olufana ne-lichens kunye nezihlahla. Kwelinye icala, amathafa ayengamathafa angenamithi, egutyungelwe ubukhulu becala amayeza namatyholo axhathisa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. I-megafauna, eyayiquka izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana ne-mastodon kunye nomkhombe woboya, *yaziqhelanisa* ngokwaneleyo nezi meko zinzima.
Iimpawu zezilwanyana ze-Ice Age
I-Ice Age yayilikhaya lezidalwa ezithandekayo esizaziyo namhlanje ikakhulu ngeefosili kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-paleontological. Phakathi kwezona zilwanyana zinemifuziselo yeli xesha zezi:
- I-Woolly Mammoth: Esi sigebenga esitya utyani mhlawumbi sesona sinomfanekiso we-Ice Age. Yayinoboya obutyebileyo, amabamba agobileyo kwaye yayifana kakhulu neendlovu zaseAfrika zanamhlanje.
- Sabertooth Saber (Smilodon): Ezi kati zikhulu, zidume ngamazinyo azo amade nabukhali, zazingabazingeli ababalaseleyo kwaye zondliwa kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo.
- I-Megatherium: I-sloth esikhulu esinokufikelela kwiimitha ezintandathu ubude.
- I-Woolly Rhino: Esi silwanyana sikhulu sasinoboya obuninzi bokuzikhusela kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.
Ukuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezigqithisileyo
Iimeko ezigqithisileyo ze-Ice Age zazifuna ukuba izilwanyana ziphuhlise ukulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo ukuze ziphile. Iintlobo ezingakwaziyo ukulungelelanisa imizimba yazo okanye iindlela zokuziphatha zijongene nokuphela. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuziqhelanisa zibandakanya:
- Idyasi eshinyeneyo: Izilwanyana ezininzi, ezifana noboya obuninzi boboya obuninzi nomkhombe owenziwe ngoboya, zavelisa idyasi yoboya obungqindilili ukuze zizikhusele kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.
- UGcino lwamafutha: Ukukhula kwamafutha ashinyeneyo kwakuxhaphakile kwizilwanyana ezininzi ukuze kugqunyelelwe ubushushu nanjengendawo yokugcina amandla kwiinyanga ezibandayo.
- Ipateni yokufuduka: Izilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani zifuduka ngamaxesha athile onyaka ukuze zisebenzise okona kutya kulungileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu, zilandela iipateni ezisekwe ngamawaka eminyaka endaleko.
Amakhonkco okutya kunye nokutya
Ukutya ngexesha le-Ice Age kwaba ngumngeni ngenxa ye iimeko zemozulu ngokugqithisileyo. Izilwanyana kwafuneka zikhuphisane ngokuqatha ngemithombo yobutyebi ekhoyo. I Imixokelelwane yeTrophic ngelo xesha zazintsonkothile yaye ezinye zazigcinwa kuphela lulungelelwano olucekethekileyo olwalugcina indalo eyahlukahlukeneyo ekwiincam.
Izilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani, njengemammoth, inyathi, nomkhombe woboya, zazidla ngokutya kumathafa namatyholo apho ingca namatyholo ayefikeleleka khona. Amarhamncwa, njengeSmilodon kunye neebhere zomqolomba, zondla ikakhulu kwezi zilwanyana zikhulu. Kwakukho namarhamncwa amancinane awayezingela izilwanyana ezincinane ezanyisayo neentaka.
Impembelelo yokuphela kwe-Ice Age kwi-Wildlife
Ukuphela kwe-Ice Age, malunga neminyaka eyi-10,000 eyadlulayo, yeza nayo enkulu Utshintsho lwemozulu eyachaphazela kakhulu ifauna ebanzi neyohlukeneyo. Ukunyamalala kwee-glaciers kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa okwalandelayo kwakhokelela ekuguqulweni kweendawo zokuhlala, ukunciphisa iindawo ze-tundra kunye ne-steppe ezazibaluleke kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezininzi.
Ngenxa yoko, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-megafauna, ezingakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza neendawo ezintsha, zaqala ukunyamalala. Imammoth enoboya kunye nomkhombe oyiwulu yimizekelo emibini elusizi yezilwanyana ezitshabaleleyo ngenxa yotshintsho olumandla kwimozulu kunye nenkangeleko yomhlaba. Kongezelelwa kwezi zinto zendalo yimisebenzi yabantu yamandulo, ekwafak’ isandla ekuphelisweni kwezilwanyana ezithile ngokuzingela.
Izinto ezifunyenweyo zakutsha nje kunye neziphumo
Izifundo zePaleontological ziyaqhubeka zisinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga ne-Ice Age kunye nobomi obabuphuphuma ngaloo maxesha. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji efana nokuthandana kwekhabhoni kunye nobuchule be-DNA yakudala yenze ukuba uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwezi zidalwa zamandulo kunye ne-ecosystems.
Kutshanje, kuye kwafunyaniswa izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengokungcwatywa kwezilwanyana ezinkulu eSiberia nakwimimandla ekuMntla Merika, ezigcinwe kwindawo eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Ezi ziphumo azisiniki kuphela iinkcukacha ezicacileyo ze-anatomical kodwa kunye nedatha malunga nokutya kunye nezifo zabo. Ukongezelela, ezinye izazinzulu zihlola ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvuselela iintlobo ezithile ezitshabaleleyo ngobunjineli bemfuza, nangona lo mmandla usekwizigaba zokuqala zophando.