Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho umdla okhulayo malunga nokuba kungenzeka ukuba izilwanyana zibe ne-Down syndrome, imeko yemfuza edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nabantu. Lo mbuzo uvelise iingxoxo kunye nezifundo kwinzululwazi kunye noluntu lwezilwanyana. Ngeli nqaku, siza kujongana ne iintsomi neziyinyani kubukho kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-Down syndrome kwizilwanyana, ukuphonononga kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezisuka kwisiseko sofuzo ukuya ekutolikeni kweendlela ezithile zokuziphatha kunye nenkangeleko kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Yintoni i-Down syndrome?
El Isifo esiPhantsi Yimeko yemfuzo eyenzeka ebantwini ngenxa yobukho bekopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 21. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lubangela iyantlukwano kuphuhliso lomzimba, lwengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha. Abantu abane-Down syndrome banokubonisa iimpawu zobuso ezahlukeneyo, ukuhla kwethoni yezihlunu, kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula, phakathi kwezinye iimpawu.
Kwihlabathi le lwanyana, ukuphazamiseka kwe-chromosomal akufundwa nzulu nzulu ngenxa yenani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima beegenomes zazo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda ukuba iyenzeka na into yokuba izilwanyana zibe ne-Down syndrome, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqonda le meko ngokwembono yemfuza yomntu.
I-Genetics kunye ne-chromosomal umahluko kwizilwanyana
Izinto eziphilayo, kuquka izilwanyana, zinamanani ahlukeneyo eechromosomes. Umzekelo, abantu banamabini angama-23, ngelixa izinja zinama-39 kunye neekati zine-19. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba isilwanyana sine-chromosomal engaqhelekanga, ayinakuchazwa ngokungqongqo njenge "Down syndrome" kuba Ababelani ngendlela efanayo yechromosome kunabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iitrisomi okanye ukuguqulwa kofuzo kunokuthi kwenzeke okuchaphazela ukuziphatha kunye neempawu zomzimba wezilwanyana.
Kolunye uphononongo, imizekelo yezilwanyana ezine-trisomies ezithile ziye zabonwa ngempazamo, kodwa ekubeni zingangqinelani ne-trisomy 21 ebantwini, azinakuthathwa ngokuba zinengxaki ye-Down syndrome ngendlela efanayo nabantu.
Iintsomi eziqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle
Zininzi iintsomi nokungaqondi malunga nombono wokuba izilwanyana zinokuba ne-Down syndrome. Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukubonakaliswa kwemiba ethile yomzimba okanye yokuziphatha kwizilwanyana njengophawu lwale meko. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Iingonyama ezinobuso obucekethekileyo kunye neempawu zobuso.
- Izinja ezinesimilo esicothayo okanye iintsilelo zokufunda.
- Iikati ezinenkangeleko eyodwa kunye ne-agility encinci.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ezi mpawu zinokubakho ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka utshintsho kwimfuza eyahlukileyo kwi-trisomy 21, iingxaki zempilo, okanye ukwahluka nje kwendalo ngaphakathi kohlobo ngalunye.
Amatyala abhaliweyo kunye nezifundo zenzululwazi
Kukho iingxelo ianecdotal malunga nezilwanyana ekucingelwa ukuba zinemeko efana ne-Down syndrome, njengemeko ye-"Kenny the White Tiger" eyaziwayo, eyaziwa ngokubonakala kwayo. Nangona ezi meko zitsala umdla wosasazo oluninzi, kubalulekile ukugcina umbono ogxekayo kunye nokubonisana noncwadi lwenzululwazi.
Los izifundo zesayensi kwiinguqulelo zechromosomal kwizilwanyana zilinganiselwe kodwa zityhila ukuba, nangona izilwanyana zinokuba ne-trisomies okanye ezinye iinguqulelo zemfuza, ezi azilingani nesifo se-Down syndrome. Izazinzulu zisebenzisa imizekelo yezi ziphazamiso ukufunda imfuzo kunye ne-evolution, kodwa i-Down syndrome ngokwe-se nganye yahlukile ebantwini.
Iimeko ezifanayo kwizilwanyana
Nangona izilwanyana zingenako ukuba ne-Down syndrome ngokwengqiqo engqongqo yeli gama, zinokuchaphazeleka kwezinye iimeko zofuzo okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezicacileyo zomzimba kunye nokuziphatha. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-Trisomies ngaphandle kwaleyo yechromosome yomntu 21.
- Iinguqu ezithile ezichaphazela ukuhamba kunye nokufunda.
- Iingxaki zophuhliso ngenxa yemeko yendawo okanye yemfuza.
Ezi meko zinokunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo malunga nendlela ukuguqulwa kwemfuzo okuchaphazela ngayo izinto eziphilayo kwaye kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo ukuqonda ngcono iimpembelelo ze-Down syndrome ebantwini.
Iziphumo kunye nokhathalelo lwezilwanyana
Kubanikazi bezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye * abathanda indalo *, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nokuba izilwanyana zakho zibonisa ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zomzimba, oku akuthethi ukuba zinemeko efanayo Isifo esiPhantsi. Noko ke, ezo zilwanyana zisenokufuna ukhathalelo olungakumbi nengqalelo.
Los oogqirha bezilwanyana kunye neengcali zezilwanyana zinokubonelela ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zonyango ezifanelekileyo ukujongana nazo naziphi na iingxaki zempilo ezinokuthi izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezinokuguqulwa kofuzo zibonise. Ukuqonda kunye nokhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bezi zilwanyana.
Isishwankathelo, nangona inkolelo eyaziwayo yokuba izilwanyana zinokuba ne-Down syndrome, inyaniso yemfuza isibonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwe-chromosomal kunye nofuzo kwizilwanyana lubonelela ngommandla onomdla wokufunda oqhubeka nokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kuzo zombini izilwanyana kunye nemfuzo yabantu.