ESpain, iyantlukwano yebhayoloji luphawu olubonakalayo olunegalelo kwi ubutyebi bendalo yayo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezininzi, ezifana nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubeka iintlobo ezininzi ze-endmic emngciphekweni. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokuthatha inyathelo malunga noku izilwanyana ezisengozini ukuqinisekisa ukuba obu butyebi bendalo abupheli ngonaphakade.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba sengozini yokuphela?
Isilwanyana sigqalwa sisengozini xa abantu baso behlile ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba sisengozini yokunyamalala kwixesha elizayo. ikamva elikufutshane. Izizathu zale meko zinokuba zendalo okanye zibangelwa ngumsebenzi womntu. Iintlobo ezikolu didi zifakwe kwikhathalogu yimibutho efana neManyano yamaZwe ngamaZwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN).
Izilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokutshabalala azijongani kuphela nezisongelo ezikhawulezileyo; Ukunyamalala kwabo kunokuba nefuthe le-domino kwi-ecosystem yabo. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana ezidliwayo kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwenani lamaxhoba alo, nto leyo echaphazela ezinye iintlobo kunye nokulinganisela kwezinto eziphilayo.
Izinto ezifak’ isandla kwingozi yokuphela
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinegalelo ingozi yokuphela kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana eSpeyin. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo:
- Ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, ikakhulu ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nophuhliso lwedolophu.
- Ungcoliseko lomoya, umhlaba namanzi aphuma kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso nezolimo.
- Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziphumo zayo ezibambiseneyo, ezifana nokuba yintlango kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle.
- Ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni nokuloba, okunciphisa inani lezilwanyana ngendlela engazinzanga.
- Iintlobo ezihlaselayo ezisusa iintlobo zendalo kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala zendalo.
Kubalulekile ukulungisa le miba ngokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo nezenzo zokukhusela indawo yokuhlala yendalo nokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwezilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini.
Uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpain
ISpain likhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuphela. Apha ngezantsi kuluhlu lwezona zibalulekileyo:
- Ilynx yaseIberia (Lynx pardinus): Inzalelwane kuSingasiqithi weIberia, yenye yezona ntaka zisemngciphekweni wokuphela emhlabeni.
- Ukhozi lwaseIberia (Aquila adalberti): Yintaka edla inyama esemngciphekweni ngenxa yokonakala kwendawo ehlala kuyo.
- I-monk seal yaseMeditera (i-Monachus monachus): Okwangoku, kuphela iikholoni ezincinci zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselweyo.
- Ibhere emdaka yaseCantabrian (Ursus arctos): Abemi bayo behle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala.
- Ufudo lwaselwandle lweLoggerhead (Caretta caretta): Isengozini ikakhulu ngenxa yongcoliseko nokuloba ngempazamo.
Nganye kwezi ntlobo zifuna amanyathelo athile olondolozo ukuze zibuyiselwe kwaye zikhuseleke.
Iinzame zokulondoloza kunye nokubuyisela
ESpeyin, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicwangciso ziye zaphunyezwa ulondolozo nokubuyiselwa kweentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Amanye ala manyathelo aquka:
- Ukudalwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye noovimba bendalo.
- Iiprojekthi zokufuya ezithinjiweyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwimeko yendalo.
- Amaphulo okwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokufundisa.
- Uphando lwezenzululwazi ukuqonda ngcono iimfuno kunye nezoyikiso zezi ntlobo.
- Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe yokukhusela iintlobo ezifudukayo.
Le migudu ayifuni nje kuphela ukusindisa izilwanyana ezisengozini kodwa nokubuyisela nokulondoloza ibhalansi yendalo kwindawo yokuhlala apho bahlala khona.
Ukubaluleka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kwi-ikhosistim
La izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi Kubalulekile ukuzinza kunye ukomelela kwi-ikhosistim. Ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ukusuka kulawulo lwemozulu ukuya kumvumvuzelo lwezityalo. Ukulahleka kohlobo olunye kunokuba nemiphumo emibi echaphazela ezinye iintlobo, kuquka abantu.
Ngaphaya koko, ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji ephezulu kwenza ukuba i-ecosystem ikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezimbi ezinjengokutshintsha kwemozulu nezifo. Ubukho beentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo buqinisekisa ukuba i-ikhosistim inokuzalisekisa imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo, njengokubonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo kunye nokuchuma komhlaba.
Sinokunceda njani ukukhusela ezi zilwanyana
Umntu ngamnye unokufaka isandla kwi ukhuseleko lwezilwanyana ezisengozini eSpain ukwamkela iindlela ezithile ezizinzileyo:
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki kwaye uphinde usetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ungcoliseko.
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaphulo olondolozo kunye nohlaziyo lwamahlathi.
- Imibutho yenkxaso esebenza kulondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle.
- Fumana ulwazi kwaye usasaze ulwazi malunga nezilwanyana ezisengozini ukwandisa ulwazi.
- Khetha iimveliso ezizinzileyo kunye neenkampani zenkxaso eziqhuba ulawulo olunoxanduva lwemithombo yendalo.
Izenzo ezincinci zinokuba nempembelelo enkulu xa ziqhutywa kunye, zinceda ukugcina iyantlukwano engakholelekiyo yezilwanyana zaseSpain kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Isishwankathelo, imeko yezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpain ngumba onzima ofuna zombini izenzo zomntu ngamnye kunye neqela. Ukugcina intlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zethu ezityebileyo akubalulekanga kuphela kwimpilo ye-ecosystem, kodwa nakwintlalo-ntle yabantu.