Ihlathi, i-ikhosistim entsonkothileyo etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, likhaya lenani elingenakubaleka lezinto eziphilayo esizifumana kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha. Ukususela kwi-canopy ukuya emhlabeni, ubomi kwihlathi elinemvula bunamandla kwaye bunomdla. Izilwanyana zamahlathi ashinyeneyo azibalulekanga nje kuphela kulungelelwaniso lwendalo, kodwa zinempembelelo enkulu yenkcubeko nezoqoqosho kuluntu lwasekhaya nolwehlabathi.
IJaguar: Utshaba olukhulu lwasehlathini
I *Panthera onca*, eyaziwa ngokuba yijaguar, yenye yeekati ezoyikekayo ezihlala ehlathini. Ngophawu lwedyasi enamabala kunye nobukho obumangalisayo, i Jaguar Igqalwa njengokumkani wamarhamncwa kumahlathi aseLatin America.
Ijaguar, ingakumbi ebusuku, itya iindidi ezininzi zamaxhoba afana nexhama, iitapir kunye neengwenya. Zinokuluma okunamandla okukwazi ukugqobhoza ukakayi lwexhoba lazo, zimi njengomnye wabazingeli abanobuchule. Ukongeza, ukukwazi kwayo ukuqubha kuyivumela ukuba izingele nakwindawo ezihlala emanzini.
Ngokuphathelele indawo ezihlala kuyo, zikhetha iindawo ezinezityalo ezixineneyo ezinokufikelela kumanzi amaninzi, anjengemilambo namachibi. Noko ke, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokwanda kwabantu, indawo yazo yemvelo yokuhlala isoloko isengozini, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ezi zilwanyana zibalaseleyo zihlale kude nongquzulwano nabantu.
I-Howler Monkey: Umhlali weMithi eRaucous
Inkawu ekhalayo ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo kumahlathi ashinyeneyo akuMbindi noMzantsi Merika. Igama layo libangelwa yinto ekhethekileyo ukuvakalisa ilizwi, ekwaziyo ukuviwa kumgama oziikhilomitha eziliqela kwaye inceda ukuphawula intsimi.
Ezi primates zidla ngokutya amagqabi, iziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo. Ukutya kwabo okunefayibha ephezulu kubavumela ukuba baphile kwindawo apho ukhuphiswano lwemithombo yobutyebi luqatha. Iinkawu ze-Howler zihlala kumaqela amakhulu osapho kwaye zigcina i-hierarchy yentlalo apho amadoda aphetheyo akhusela indawo yawo ngamandla.
Zikhetha ukuhlala kwimithi emide yasehlathini, apho zifumana intabalala yokutya nonqabiseko kwizinto ezinokuba ziziqwenga eziphila emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhekeka kwendawo yokuhlala kubangela ukuba ezi zityalo zinciphe, kuchaphazela kungekuphela nje ukuphila kwazo kodwa kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-ecosystem.
IToucan: Umhlali oMbala weCanopy
Itoucan, eyaziwayo ngombala wayo odlamkileyo kunye nomlomo wayo omkhulu, yenye yazo uninzi lweentaka ezidumileyo yehlathi elitshisayo. Umlomo wabo awukho nje isixhobo esibalulekileyo sokutyisa, kodwa udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-thermoregulation.
Ukutya kwayo kukutya kakhulu, nangona ikwatya izinambuzane, izirhubuluzi ezincinci kunye namanye amaxhoba amancinci. Le yantlukwano yokutya ivumela itoucan ukuba ibe nefuthe elikhulu ekusasazekeni kwembewu, ibe negalelo ekugcinweni nasekuhlaziyweni ngokutsha kwe-ecosystem yehlathi.
Ngokuphathelele indawo ezihlala kuyo, iitoucans zithanda iindawo eziphezulu zemithi, apho zinokuphepha izilwanyana ezininzi ezizingelayo zize zifumane intabalala yokutya. Ngelishwa, ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kuyingozi enkulu kubemi babo.
Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi: Abahlali bomhlaba kunye neSitrata esilandelayo
Ihlathi alikho kuphela kwikhaya lezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinkulu kunye neentaka ezinemibala, kodwa kunye nobutyebi obumangalisayo izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi. Phakathi kwazo, amasele afana nesele leglasi, iinyoka ezifana ne-boa constrictor, kunye namacilikishe afana ne-basilisk eluhlaza agqamile.
Amasele, ingakumbi anemibala eqaqambileyo, awanikeli umdla kwinkangeleko yawo kuphela kodwa nakwimekobume nehambo yawo. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zinetyhefu kwaye zisebenzisa imibala yazo edlamkileyo njengendlela yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.
Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iinyoka namacikilishe zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya. Ngokomzekelo, i<em>boa constrictor, lirhamncwa eloyikekayo elikwaziyo ukuhlasela izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinobukhulu obukhulu. I-Basilisks iyaziwa ngokukwazi kwabo "ukuhamba" emanzini, isakhono esibanceda ukuba babalekele izilwanyana.
Ingozi Yokugawulwa Kwamahlathi kunye NoLondolozo Lweendawo Ezihlala Emahlathini
El ingozi yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi Ngomnye weyona mingeni inkulu ejongene namahlathi kunye nabemi bawo. Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo, ukwandiswa kwezolimo nokwembiwa kwemigodi ngokungekho mthethweni kutshabalalisa imimandla emikhulu yamahlathi anemvula ngesantya esothusayo.
Lo mkhwa awuchaphazeli kuphela amarhamncwa amakhulu kunye neentaka ezimangalisayo, kodwa kunye nezinambuzane ezingenakubalwa, izilwanyana ezihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye ne-microorganisms ezenza isiseko se-ecosystem. Ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala ayibeki emngciphekweni kuphela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kodwa ikwachaphazela kakubi imozulu yehlabathi, ukwandisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kunye nokunciphisa amandla amahlathi ukuba asebenze njenge-carbon sinks.
Iinzame ze ulondolozo Zibalulekile ukukhusela ezi ndawo zokuhlala zixabisekileyo. Iiprojekthi zohlaziyo lwamahlathi, iindawo zolondolozo lwendalo kunye nokhenketho oluzinzileyo lwendalo zezinye zezicwangciso-qhinga eziphunyezwayo ukulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Imfundo nokuqonda zikwabalulekile ukuphumeza ukuhlalisana ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kwemisebenzi yabantu kunye nokugcinwa kwendalo.
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Ngolu joliso lunzulu noluneenkcukacha lweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo neendawo ezihlala kuzo kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba sikuqonde ukubaluleka kwezi nkqubo zendalo esingqongileyo kwaye sithathe inyathelo lokuzilondoloza. Uhlobo ngalunye, olukhulu okanye oluncinane, ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwilaphu elintsonkothileyo lobomi bamahlathi emvula, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwawo akuqinisekisi nje kuphela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo zangoku, kodwa nempilo yeplanethi kwizizukulwana ezizayo.