- I-Brucellosis yi-zoonosis ebangelwa yibhaktheriya yohlobo lweBrucella echaphazela izilwanyana ezininzi kwaye inokudluliselwa ebantwini, ikakhulu ngobisi olungavuthwanga kunye nokudibana nolwelo.
- Kwimfuyo kubangela ukuqhomfa, ukungazali kunye nokulahlekelwa yimali, ngelixa ebantwini kubangela umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukudinwa kunye neengxaki ezingapheliyo ukuba azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Uthintelo lusekelwe ekujongeni nasekulawuleni izilwanyana (ukugonya, ukuxilongwa kunye nokuxhela ngococeko), ukucoca ubisi kunye nokukhuselwa emsebenzini kwabo basebenza ngemfuyo okanye iisampuli zebhayoloji.
- Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namagunya esizwe aququzelela izicwangciso zokulawula nokuphelisa, edibanisa amanyathelo empilo yezilwanyana kunye nempilo yoluntu phantsi kwendlela ethi "One Health".
I-Brucellosis yenye yezifo ezithi, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zinganakwa, zibe nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwimveliso yemfuyo. Lusulelo lwebhaktiriya olujikeleza phakathi kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kwaye lunokungena ebantwini.okubangela iingxaki eziqala kumkhuhlane obonakala ungengomkhenkce ukuya kwiimeko ezingapheliyo eziwohlozayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi zasemaphandleni nezolimo, siphila nawo ngaphandle kokwazi ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko.
Ukongeza ekubalulekeni kwayo kwimpilo yoluntu, i-brucellosis ibangela ingxaki kwezoqoqosho kubalimi bemfuyo kunye neenkqubo zempilo. Ukukhupha isisu, ukungazali, ukulahlekelwa ngabantwana, kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso Kwiinkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, neehagu, ezi zifo zibangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho, ngelixa ebantwini zifuna unyango olude kunye nokubekwa esweni okungqongqo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela ezidluliselwa ngayo, ezithintelwayo, nezilawulwa ngayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuxhaphaka kwazo kwizilwanyana nakubantu.
Yintoni i-brucellosis kwaye loluphi uhlobo oluchaphazelayo?
I-Brucellosis sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zohlobo lwe-genus UBrucella, enokubangela iimpawu zeklinikhi kubantu abaninzi abasingqongileyo. Kwiinkomo, into ephambili yiBrucella abortus, kwiigusha nakwiibhokhwe iBrucella melitensis iphambili, kwaye kwiingulube iBrucella suis iphambili.Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntsholongwane zinokutsiba ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ziye kolunye kwaye zosulele nabantu.
Kwilizwe lezilwanyana, olu sulelo alupheleli kwimfuyo efuyiweyo kuphela; Ikwachazwe nakwiihagu, iikamelidi, izinja, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana zasendle ezitya inyama.kunye nakwezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle. Olu luhlu olubanzi lwabanini bezilwanyana luchaza isizathu sokuba ulawulo lwayo lufuna indlela ebanzi nedibeneyo phakathi kwempilo yezilwanyana kunye nempilo yoluntu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiklinikhi kubafazi abavelisayo kukubandakanyeka kwenkqubo yokuzala. Ukuqhomfa, ukungaphumeleli ukukhulelwa, ukufa kweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye nobuthathaka kwinzala zizinto eziqhelekileyo.Oku kongezelela ekugcinweni kwe-placenta okunokwenzeka. Kumadoda, i-orchitis, i-epididymitis, kwane-arthritis aziqhelekanga, nangona ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu azibonakali.
Ngokwembono yomthetho, i-brucellosis kwiinkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe kunye neehagu idweliswe kuluhlu Ikhowudi yeMpilo yeZilwanyana ezisemhlabeni ye-World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Ezi zizifo ezinokuthi zixelwe kwaye ukuzixela kwigunya elifanelekileyo kuyimfuneko esemthethweni.Oku kuvumela ukusekwa kweenkqubo ezinkulu zolawulo, ukuphelisa, kunye nokubeka esweni.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, imithetho yoLuntu (efana ne-Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1882) ibeka isifo se-brucellosis kwizifo ezinefuthe elikhulu. Iindidi zomngcipheko zichaziwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeArtiodactylsOku kukhokela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokuthintela nokulawula ekufuneka zisetyenziswe kwimeko nganye ngokwenqanaba lomngcipheko kwimpilo yezilwanyana nakwimpilo yoluntu.
Indlela i-brucellosis edluliselwa ngayo phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu
Kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokudlulisela esi sifo kukuzalwa okanye ukukhishwa kwesisu kwemazi enesifo. Inani elikhulu leBrucella lixutywe kulwelo lokuzalwa, iimveku, kunye neembrane zemveku., ezikwaziyo ukuhlala ziphila iinyanga ezininzi kwindawo ezingqongileyo, ingakumbi ukuba indawo ibanda kwaye inomswakama.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezivela kumhlambi omnye okanye kwiifama ezikufutshane zinokosulelwa ngokutya izinto ezingcolisiweyo okanye ngokudibana neendawo zamadlelo, iibhedi okanye izakhiwo ezingcoliswe zezi ntsalela. Iibhaktheriya zihlala kwindawo yokuzala kunye namabele, ngoko ke ubisi lwezilwanyana ezigulayo luba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokusasazwa. ngaphakathi kokuxhatshazwa ngokwako nakwabantu ukuba kutyiwa kungaphekwanga.
I-Brucellosis ayipheleli nje kwimfuyo yasekhaya. Kwizilwanyana zasendle, ichazwe kwiintlobo ezifana nehagu yasendle, inyathi, imoose, kunye nomvundla waseYurophu.Ezi zilwanyana zinokusebenza njengeendawo zokugcina izilwanyana kwaye zibuyisele intsholongwane kwiindawo apho isifo silawulwa khona kwiinkomo, iigusha, okanye iibhokhwe. Ngokufanayo, iBrucella ichongiwe kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi imephu ye-epidemiological.
Kwimeko yabantu, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena. Eyona ixhaphakileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi kukutya iimveliso zobisi eziluhlaza okanye ezingacocwanga kakuhle. Ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga okanye ukutya itshizi entsha eyenziwe ngobisi lwebhokhwe okanye lwegusha eluhlaza isifo esosulelekileyo sithathwa njengesona sibangela ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo.
Usulelo lunokwenzeka nangolusu kunye neenwebu ze-mucous. Abo baphatha izilwanyana, izihlunu, igazi, iimveku eziphunyeziweyo, okanye ulwelo lwesibeleko ngaphandle kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo bajongene nomngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu.Oogqirha bezilwanyana, abalimi bemfuyo, abasebenzi beevenkile zokuxhela, abaxheli, abazingeli, kunye neengcali zelebhu baphambili kuluhlu lwamaqela emisebenzi achaphazelekileyo.
Kwiindawo zelebhu, i-brucellosis idume ngokuba yenye yezona zifo zidluliselwa lula. Ukuphatha iintsholongwane okanye iisampulu ezinezinga eliphezulu leBrucella kunokuvelisa ii-aerosols Ezi zinto, ukuba azisetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo, zinokuphefumlwa kwaye zibangele usulelo phakathi kwabasebenzi bobuchwephesha. Ke ngoko, iikhabhathi zokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo zibalulekile.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukudluliselwa komntu komnye umntu akuqhelekanga. Iimeko ezizimeleyo ziye zachazwa ngenxa yokuncancisa, utofelo-gazi, okanye ukudibana kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, le ayisiyondlela ifanelekileyo ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu. Eyona nto iphambili ikwi-nexus yokutya kwezilwanyana kunye nabantu.
Impembelelo kwimpilo yoluntu nakwimveliso yemfuyo
I-Brucellosis ithathwa njengenye yezona zifo zezilwanyana ezixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ingumceli mngeni wokwenene kwiinkqubo zempilo, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo khona. Ukwanda kwezolimo olunzima lwemfuyo, ukufudukela ezidolophini, kunye nokungabikho kwempilo yemfuyo kunye nokutya okucocekileyo Zinegalelo ekubeni le ngxaki ihlale ibalulekile kumazwe amaninzi.
Kwimpilo yabantu, olu sulelo lukwaziwa ngokuba yiMalta fever okanye iUndulant Fever, amagama abonisa indlela oluqheleke ngayo unyango. Umkhuhlane uza kwaye udlule ngamaza, uhamba nentloko ebuhlungu, ukubila kakhulu, ukudinwa, ukubanda, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokungakhululeki ngokubanzi.Ezi mpawu zinokufana nomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, odla ngokukhokelela ekuxilongweni okulibazisekayo.
Nangona iimeko ezininzi zincinci, i-brucellosis inokuba sisifo esingapheliyo ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Izigulana zinokuba neengxaki ezinkulu zamalungu (i-arthritis), ukudumba kwe-endocardium (i-endocarditis), ukudinwa okungapheliyo, iingxaki zeemvakalelo ezifana nokudakumba, kunye nokudumba kwesibindi okanye i-spleen.Ezi ngxaki ziyandisa ixesha lokungabikho emsebenzini kwaye ziyenza mandundu imeko yobomi.
Ukufa okubangelwa yi-brucellosis kuphantsi, kuqikelelwa ukuba kungaphantsi kwe-2% yamatyala xa unyango lwe-antibiotics lufumaneka. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zonyango olungathanga ngqo ziphezulu ngenxa yexesha lonyango kunye nokulandelela okulandelayo.Ukuchacha ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha iinyanga. Kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bengxaki nokuba ingaba kuvela na iingxaki.
Kwizilwanyana ezivelisayo, i-brucellosis ibangela ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni. Ukukhupha isisu, ukungazali, ukuzalwa kweentsana ezibuthathaka, ukufa kweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye ne-placenta egciniweyo Zithetha ukwehla okucacileyo kwenani lamathole, amatakane, amatakane okanye amantshontsho eehagu athengiswayo, atshintshiswayo okanye avelise ubisi nenyama.
Ngaphezu koko, izilwanyana eziphunyekileyo zingaphila ngokwezonyango zize zizale kwakhona, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokukhupha iintsholongwane, ingakumbi ngobisi kunye nokukhupha incindi yokuzala. Oku kugcina umjikelo wosulelo ungathethiyo phakathi kwemihlambi kwaye kunyanzelisa ukutyala imali kwizixhobo zovavanyo lokuxilonga, ugonyo, kunye nokubulala ngococeko.Kwixesha elide, impembelelo yezoqoqosho kumacandelo afana neenkomo zobisi, iigusha zenyama, okanye iibhokhwe ibaluleke kakhulu.
Iimpawu zeklinikhi kunye nokuxilongwa kwezifo kwizilwanyana
Ngokwembono yezonyango, i-brucellosis kwizilwanyana idla ngokuba yingxaki. Abafazi abaninzi abanesi sifo ababonisi zimpawu zibonakalayo de baphume isisu, ngesiqhelo kwisithathu sokugqibela sokukhulelwa.Olu phumo, ngamanye amaxesha olukhulu ukuba izilwanyana ezininzi zigula ngaxeshanye, luphawu lokuqala olucacileyo kumlimi lokuba kukho into engalunganga efama.
Kumadoda, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudumba kwamathambo (orchitis), i-epididymitis, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, isifo samathambo. Ezi ngxaki zinokubangela ukungazali, ukwehla komgangatho wobudoda, kunye nokuqhwalela.Oku kuchaphazela zombini iinkunzi ezizalayo zendalo kunye nezilwanyana ezenzelwe ukuncedisa ekuzaleni.
Kumahashe, i-brucellosis ingabonakala njengento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fistulous withers, ukudumba okungapheliyo entanyeni okanye emqolo. Iimazi zeehashe ezineentsholongwane zingaphunza okanye zizale amathole abuthathaka anethuba elincinci lokusindanto leyo ekwabangela ilahleko kwiifama zamahashe.
Nangona umfanekiso weklinikhi usenokubonisa ukuba sisifo, ukuqinisekiswa kuhlala kufuna uvavanyo oluthile. Iindlela zokuhlola i-serological zivumela ukufunyanwa kwee-antibodies ezichasene ne-Brucella egazini okanye ebisini.ngelixa iilabhoratri zokubhekisa zenza ukwahlulwa kweebhaktheriya kunye nokuchonga ngokulandela imigaqo echazwe kwi Incwadi yeMigangatho yoVavanyo lokuQonda kunye nokuGonywa kweZilwanyana ezisemhlabeni evela kwi-OMSA.
Ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi esemthethweni, ilizwe ngalinye likhetha iilabhoratri zesizwe ezibhekisayo. ESpain, iLebhu yezeMpilo yeZilwanyana yaseSanta Fe (eGranada) isebenza njengeziko lokubhekisa kwi-brucellosis., unoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okuntsonkothileyo, ukuxhasa ukubekwa kweliso kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkalo zobugcisa nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.
Abantu kunye namaqela asengozini ephezulu ye-brucellosis
I-Brucellosis ifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ichaphazela amadoda nabafazi bayo yonke iminyaka. Kuluntu ngokubanzi, indlela eqhelekileyo yosulelo inxulunyaniswa nokusela ubisi olungavuthwanga okanye itshizi entsha eyenziwe ngobisi olungagayiwanga.ingakumbi ezo zivela kwiigusha okanye kwiibhokhwe. Kwimimandla emininzi yaseMeditera nasemaphandleni, apho ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zobugcisa kuxhaphakileyo, le ngozi iyanda.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaqela abonisa umngcipheko ophezulu ngokucacileyo ngenxa yomsebenzi wawo wobungcali. Abalimi bemfuyo, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abasebenzi basezilaheni, abaxheli, abazingeli, kunye nabasebenzi abaphatha izidumbu okanye izihlunu zomzimba Zivezwa ngokudibana negazi, ulwelo lwesibeleko, iimveku eziphunyeziweyo, okanye ii-placentas zezilwanyana ezigulayo.
Kwiilebhu ze-microbiology kunye nempilo yezilwanyana, i-brucellosis idweliswe njengenye yezifo ezifunyanwa lula ngabasebenzi. Ukuphatha iinkcubeko eziphilayo kunye neesampuli ezinomthwalo ophezulu weebhaktheriya kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko lwebhayoloji, iikhabhathi zokhuseleko, kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo. ukuphepha ukuphefumla ii-aerosols okanye ukugonyelwa ngengozi.
Kwelinye icala, kwezinye iindawo zasemaphandleni, ukungabikho kolwazi okanye ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango lwezilwanyana kwenza kube nzima ukwamkela amanyathelo okuthintela. Ukungasetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela, ukuphathwa kwesisu akusekho ziglavu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobisi olunganyangwanga rhoqo. Zigcina uthotho losulelo kwiimeko apho isifo sele sixhaphakile.
Ukusasazeka ngokwendawo kwe-brucellosis
Umthwalo we-brucellosis awusasazwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke iplanethi. Amanani aphezulu afumaneka kuMbindi Mpuma, kwiMeditera, kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseTshayina naseIndiya, kunye nakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America afana nePeru neMexico.Kwezi ndawo, indibaniselwano yeenkqubo zemveli zokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kobisi olungavuthwanga, kunye nemida kwiinkqubo zolawulo kukhuthaza ukuqhubeka kwesi sifo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwabonwa ukwanda okukhulu kwamatyala kumazwe athile akuMbindi nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Utshintsho kwiinkqubo zemveliso, urhwebo lwezilwanyana oluwela imida, kunye nokungafikeleli ngokwaneleyo kweenkonzo zokugonya Ezi zithathwa njengezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela olu tshintsho luqhubekekayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amazwe aliqela afikelele kwinqanaba lokuba angabi naso isifo se-brucellosis kwimfuyo yawo yasekhaya. Kucingelwa ukuba uninzi lweNtshona neYurophu eseMantla, kunye neKhanada, iJapan, iOstreliya neNew ZealandAzinazo zonke iintsholongwane ezibangela ukosuleleka, ngenxa yeenkqubo zokuphelisa ezisekelwe ekuxilongweni okucwangcisiweyo, ukuxhelwa ngococeko kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lokuhamba kwezilwanyana.
Ukuthintela nokulawula izilwanyana: ukugada, ukugonya kunye nolawulo
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abantu kwi-brucellosis kukulwa nosulelo kwizilwanyana. Ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukuhamba kwegazi kweBrucella ezinkomeni kuthintela indlela ephambili yokudluliselwa kwesifo ebantwini.Oku kuqinisekisa utyalo-mali lukarhulumente nolwabucala kwiinkqubo zolawulo.
Ukubeka esweni impilo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe ukuqhambuka kwesifo kunye nokujonga ukuvela kwaso. Uvavanyo lwegazi olusegazini kunye nohlalutyo lobisi, olufana novavanyo lweringi yobisi, lusetyenziswa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.La manyathelo avumela ukuchongwa kwemihlambi emihle kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo. Le misebenzi idityaniswe neesampuli ezithile zezilwanyana eziya kurhweba okanye ukuhambahamba phakathi kwamafama.
Kwimimandla apho i-brucellosis ixhaphakileyo khona, ukugoma izilwanyana yindlela eqhelekileyo yokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwazo. Kukho imijovo ephilayo yenkomo, iigusha neebhokhwe encitshisiweyo, apho ukulungiswa nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuchazwe kwiincwadana zobugcisa ze-OMSA.Ukusetyenziswa kwayo, okwenziwa phantsi kweliso lezilwanyana, kunciphisa kakhulu inani lezilwanyana ezisengozini, kwaye ke ngoko, inani lokukhupha isisu kunye nosulelo olutsha.
Xa ukuxhaphaka kuncipha kwaye ukupheliswa kwayo kusondele, amaqhinga ayatshintsha. Iinkqubo zokuxilonga kunye nokubulala izilwanyana ezinezifo ngococeko ziyanda.Injongo kukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo esi sifo kummandla okanye kwilizwe. Ezi nkqubo zifuna imbuyekezo yemali eyaneleyo kubavelisi ukuze basebenzisane ngokukhutheleyo ekuchongeni nasekupheliseni ukuqhambuka kwezifo.
Kwicandelo lemithetho nolawulo, amanye amazwe aseke izixhobo ezithile zokukhawulezisa ezi nkqubo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zokumisela imeko yempilo yefama ezinyanzelekileyo (i-DOES) kunye nezicwangciso zikazwelonke zokulawula nokuphelisa i-bovine brucellosis ziye zaphuhliswa.eziquka iimfuno zokuthatha iisampulu, isiqinisekiso, ucoceko lwemihlambi kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo.
Ukongeza ekugonyeni nasekuxheleni, kubalulekile ukuba izilwanyana ezinezifo kunye neemveku eziphunyeziweyo ziphathwe ngococeko. Ukuqokelelwa, ukulahla, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwiintsana ezingekazalwa, ii-placenta, kunye neendawo ezingcolisiweyo kunciphisa kakhulu inani leebhaktheriya kwindawo ezingqongileyo.ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwezinye izilwanyana nakubantu abasebenza efama.
Uthintelo ebantwini: ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini
Kuloo mazwe apho kungenakwenzeka, kwixesha elifutshane, ukuphelisa i-brucellosis kwimfuyo, ukukhuselwa kwabantu kusekelwe kwiintsika ezahlukeneyo. Ukhuseleko lokutya, ucoceko emsebenzini, kunye nolwazi lwabemi Ziba zizixhobo eziphambili zokunciphisa amatyala amatsha.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa ubisi kukutya ubisi olucoliweyo. Ukufudumeza ubisi ukuya kubushushu obaneleyo kunye nexesha kuyayitshabalalisa nayiphi na iBrucella ekhoyo kwaye kuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo. zombini ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ziveliswe ngeetshizi, iiyogathi, kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi. Amaphulo ezempilo kawonke-wonke agxininisa ekuphepheni iimveliso zobisi ezingavuthwanga kunye nokujonga iilebhile zeemveliso.
Kwiindawo zokusebenza, abantu abasebenza ngezilwanyana okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko angaphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweeglavu ezinzima, izihlangu zokukhusela amehlo, impahla efanelekileyo kunye nezihlangu, ukongeza kucoceko lwezandla.Iyanciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo oluvela ekudibaneni negazi, ulwelo, okanye izicwili ezingcolisiweyo.
Iifama zemfuyo kufuneka zibe neendlela ezicacileyo zokulawula ukuqhomfa nokuzala. Ukuphathwa kweemveku ezingekazalwa, ii-placenta, kunye namathambo ezinto eziphilayo kufuneka kwenziwe ngezixhobo zokuzikhusela kwaye kulandelwe imigaqo engqongqo yokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokulahla.ukuthintela ezi zinto ukuba zingavezwa endle okanye zifikeleleke kwizilwanyana zasendle nezinja.
Kwiilabhoratri nakwiindawo zophando, kusetyenziswa inqanaba lokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo ngokwengozi. Ukusebenza ngeenkcubeko zeBrucella okanye iisampuli ezirhanelwayo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iikhabhathi zokhuseleko zebhayoloji, iimaski, iinkqubo zokuthintela i-aerosol, kunye neenkqubo zeziganeko zongxamiseko.Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni iingozi.
Unyango lwe-brucellosis ebantwini
Xa umntu enesifo se-brucellosis, unyango oluqhelekileyo lusekelwe kumxube wee-antibiotics ixesha elide. Indlela eqhelekileyo yonyango ibandakanya ukunika i-100 mg ye-doxycycline kabini ngemini kangangeentsuku ezingama-45 kunye ne-1 g ye-streptomycin imihla ngemihla kangangeentsuku ezili-15.Oku kwandisa amathuba okuphelisa iintsholongwane nokuthintela ukuphinda kubuye.
Kukho olunye uhlobo lonyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu oludibanisa i-100 mg ye-doxycycline kabini ngemini kangangeentsuku ezingama-45 kunye ne-rifampicin, ngedosi ye-15 mg ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba ngosuku (malunga ne-600 kunye ne-900 mg), kwaye kangangeentsuku ezingama-45. Ukukhethwa kwendlela ethile yonyango kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nemeko yempilo yesigulana, ii-allergies ezinokubakho, ezinye izifo ezihambisana noko, okanye ukufumaneka kwamayeza..
Amava eklinikhi abonisa ukuba i-streptomycin inokutshintshwa nge-gentamicin kwezinye iimeko, kusetyenziswa iidosi ze-5 mg ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba ngosuku kangangeentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo zichanekileyo zokuthelekisa phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini.Ngoko ke, isigqibo sidla ngokwenziwa ngumntu ngamnye kwaye senziwe phantsi kwemiqathango ekhethekileyo yezonyango.
Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-8 ubudala, unyango olufanelekileyo alukamiselwa ngokupheleleyo. Kubantwana, kuye kwasetyenziswa indibaniselwano ye-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) kunye ne-aminoglycoside efana ne-streptomycin okanye i-gentamicin, okanye ne-rifampicin.soloko uvavanya ngononophelo umlinganiselo wenzuzo nomngcipheko kunye nemiphumo enokubakho.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yonyango ekhethiweyo, kubalulekile ukuba isigulana sigqibe lonke umjikelo wonyango. Ukuyeka amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kwexesha kukhuthaza usulelo olungapheliyo kunye nokukhula kokubuyela umva.Ezi mpawu zinokuvela emva kweeveki okanye iinyanga kunye neempawu ezifanayo okanye iingxaki ezongezelelweyo. Ukulandelelana kwezonyango okulandelayo kunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na iimpawu zesifo esiqhubekayo kwangethuba.
Impendulo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokulungelelaniswa phakathi kwempilo yabantu neyezilwanyana
Ukulwa ne-brucellosis akupheleli nje kwizenzo zelizwe okanye icandelo elinye. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana neWorld Health Organisation (WHO), iFAO, iOMSA kunye neenkqubo ezithile zengingqi Basebenzisana ukubonelela ngezikhokelo, inkxaso yobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba.
I-WHO icebisa amazwe angamalungu ngokuphuhlisa imigangatho, izikhokelo kunye nezixhobo zolwazi zolawulo lwe-brucellosis ebantwini nakwizilwanyana. Enye yeenjongo zayo kukuqinisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweenkonzo zempilo yoluntu kunye neenkonzo zempilo yezilwanyana.ukuze ulwazi luhambe kuzo zombini iindlela kwaye amaqhinga adibeneyo anokuyilwa phantsi kwendlela ethi "One Health".
Ngokubambisana ne-Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), i-World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) kunye ne-Mediterranean Zoonosis Control Programme (MZCP), inkxaso yobugcisa inikwa amazwe achaphazeleke kakhulu. Inkqubo Yesilumkiso Sasekuqaleni Sezifo Zezilwanyana Zehlabathi (i-GLEWS) Yenye yezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiingxaki ezinokubakho kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngenxa yala maphulo, amazwe amaninzi akwazile ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokugonya, amaphulo emfundo ngezempilo, imigaqo yokulawula ukuhamba kwezilwanyana, kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokuxilonga. Ukulungelelaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile, njengoko i-brucellosis ingenamida kwaye ihamba nezilwanyana, ukutya, kunye nabantu..
Ngamafutshane, iBrucellosis yintsholongwane yezilwanyana enokuthintela efuna indlela ebanzi neqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ulawulo lwezilwanyana ngokubeka esweni, ukugonywa kunye nokuxhelwa ngococeko, ukucoca ubisi, ukukhusela abasebenzi abasengozini, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lokubulala iintsholongwane ebantwini. Ezi zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokunciphisa impembelelo yazo, ukukhusela impilo yabantu, nokugcina impilo kunye nemveliso yemfuyo.