ESpeyin, oonomeva bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendalo ye-ikhosistim, idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengabahambisi bezityalo kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba yimbangela yokukhathazeka ngenxa yokuluma kwabo okubuhlungu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga nzulu ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zoonomeva eSpain, iimpawu zabo kunye neenyani ezinomdla ngabo.
Inkcazelo ngokubanzi ngoonomeva eSpain
Oonomeva baseSpain ubukhulu becala bangabentsapho Vespidae, equka iintsapho ezingaphantsi eziliqela ezifana IVespinae, Polistinae, Eumeninae kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ezi ntsapho zisusela koonomeva ababodwa ukuya kooonomeva abaziwayo ekuhlaleni abakha amathanga.
Oonomeva banokwahlulwa kwiinyosi ngezinto ezininzi, enye yezona zinto ziphawuleka kakhulu kukubhitya kwabo, inkangeleko emenyezelayo. Ngelixa iinyosi zikholisa ukuba nemizimba enoboya, oonomeva banemizimba egudileyo kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo, ukusuka kumbala omnyama kunye notyheli ukuya kwiithowuni ezibomvu nezentsimbi.
Oonomeva baseNtlalweni: Vespulinae kunye nePolistinae
Las oonomeva ekuhlaleni, njengalezo ze-genus Vespula kunye nePolistes, zixhaphake kwimimandla emininzi yaseSpain. Ezi ntlobo zihlala kwiikholoni kwaye zine-hierarchy yentlalontle echazwe kakuhle, kunye nokumkanikazi entloko.
IVespula, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziibhatyi eziqhelekileyo okanye ezityheli, yakha iindlwane ezinokufumaneka iindawo ezimnyama nezikhuselweyo ezifana namagumbi angaphantsi, ii-attics kunye ne-floor cavities. Zaziwa ngokuba ndlongondlongo xa indlwane yazo isongelwa. Kwelinye icala, iiPolistes, ezaziwa ngokuba ngoonomeva bephepha, zakha iindlwane ezincinci, ezivuleleke ngakumbi, ezidla ngokuncanyathiselwa kwizakhiwo ezinjengamasebe nemivandezo yezakhiwo.
Unomeva waseAsia okanye iVespa velutina
La wasia wasp, ekwaziwa njengeVespa velutina, yenye yezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo ezihlaselayo eSpain. Umthonyama we-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, le ntlobo ibangele inkxalabo enkulu ngenxa yempembelelo yayo engafanelekanga kwimibhobho yeenyosi zaseYurophu, eziyimfuneko kwi-pollination yezolimo.
Lo unomeva ulinganisa phakathi kwe-2.5 kunye ne-3 yeesentimitha, enenkangeleko eyomelele ngakumbi kwaye emnyama kunezinye iintlobo zengingqi. Bakhetha ukwakha iindlwane zabo e iintloko zemithi, nangona iindlwane ziye zafunyanwa kufutshane nezakhiwo zabantu. Ukwahlula ngokuba ngumzingeli obalaseleyo wezinyosi zobusi, okuye kwakhokelela kwizithintelo kunye nemigudu yokulawula kwimimandla emininzi yelizwe.
Unomeva wokuzingela: iScelophron kunye nePompilidae
Oonomeva abazingelayo lelinye iqela elinomdla. Umzekelo, abo bohlobo Scelifan, zodwa kwaye awenzi amakoloni. Bakha iindlwane zodaka kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Zizizinambuzane eziluncedo kakhulu, ekubeni zizingela izigcawu ukondla imibungu yabo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni aba bantu.
Amalungu entsapho yasePompilidae, eyaziwa ngokuba oonomeva besigcawuBakwangabazingeli ababodwa. Kunokuba bakhe iindlwane zodaka, aba onomeva bakhubaza izigcawu baze bazingcwabe emhlabeni kunye neqanda. Xa umbungu uqanduselwa, uba nomthombo wokutya ngoko nangoko. Aba nomeva babalulekile ekugcineni abantu bezigcawu bekwi-balance.
Oonomeva boSapho lwe-Eumeninae: Oonomeva baseMbumbi
Las oonomeva bombumbi, ezizezosapho i-Eumeninae, ziyaziwa ngokwakha iindlwane zodaka. Uninzi lwaba noonomeva babodwa kwaye abanalo uluntu oluntsonkothileyo njengeVespulinae okanye iPolistinae.
Oonomeva basembumbi baluncedo ngokwendalo njengoko bezingela imibungu kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezinokonakalisa izityalo nezityalo. Nangona zincinci ngokwentelekiso, zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ukongezelela, imikhwa yabo yokuzalela udaka ibenza bangabi ndlongondlongo kwaye bangakwazi ukunxibelelana nabantu.
Iimfuno malunga noonomeva
Ngaphandle kwe- igama elibi ukuba unomeva unokuba ngenxa yokuhlaba, iintlobo ezininzi ziluncedo ebantwini. Basebenza njenge i-pollinators ebalulekileyo kunye nezitshabalalisi zendalo.
Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinomdla:
- Oonomeva banokubukhumbula ubuso bomntu. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ezinye iintlobo zoonomeva basekuhlaleni banamandla okuqaphela ubuso.
- La imibala eyahlukeneyo Kwi-onomeva ayisebenzi nje ukoyikisa amarhamncwa, kodwa kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kwabo.
- Abanye oonomeva bayasebenzisa iipheromones ukulumkisa abanye ngengozi okanye ukulungelelanisa uhlaselo oludibeneyo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuhlonipha indima yoonomeva kwindalo. Nangona ezinye zisenokubonakala zisongela, zazo igalelo kwibhalansi yendalo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukulawula izinambuzane ezininzi kuzenza zibaluleke kwindawo esihlala kuyo.