Iingcongconi

Ihlobo lixesha elithandwa kakhulu ngabaninzi, ngenxa yeeholide, amaqondo okushisa aphezulu, iintsuku ezinde ... Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke umntu uyayithiya xa esenza. isenzo sobukho iingcongconi ezoyikekayo.

Ezi dipterans zizilwanyana ezingaphili ixesha elide, kodwa ngelo xesha elifutshane zinokucaphukisa kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba ungomnye wabo igazi labo linomdla kakhulu kubo. Zazi zonke iinkcukacha ekufuneka uzazi ngezi zilwanyana.

Zinjani iingcongconi

Ingcongconi, ikwabizwa ngokuba ingcongconi, intliziyo, okanye igama layo lesayensi, culicidae, yi<em>dipteran enomzimba obhityileyo noqhele ukude. Inezibini ezimbini zamaphiko, amabini amancinci nambini amakhulu, kunye nemilenze emithandathu ebhityileyo nemide, emithathu kwicala ngalinye lomzimba wayo. Kwangokunjalo nakwinxalenye yentloko. inomboko, kwimeko yeemazi, ezisetyenziselwa ukufunxa igazi. Kwaye ii-eriyali ezimbini ukuya kujongwa kwaye uzive ungcangcazela. Kananjalo inamehlo nomlomo, ekuthiwa yipalpus.

Emzimbeni wakho, kukho indawo yentliziyo encinci, izihlunu, i-lymph nodes kunye ne-trachea, kunye nayo yonke into eyimfuneko yokwetyisa into oyityayo kunye nokukhupha inkunkuma ngaphandle.

apho kuhlala khona iingcongconi

Indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwengcongconi inxulumene namanzi, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba iyinxalenye yokuzala, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ithanda iindawo ezifumileyo kwiindawo ezishushu. Iingcongconi azifane zibonwe kwindawo ezibandayo, Nangona oko akuthethi ukuba azikho.

Ngokubanzi, iindawo ezifana nemigxobhozo, amanzi amileyo, amaqula, amaqula, njl.njl. zizithandwa zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba awufuni ukuba nazo ekhaya, kuhle ukuba ungabi nayo nayiphi na indawo apho amanzi ahlala khona iintsuku eziliqela ngaphandle kokutshintshwa.

iintlobo zeengcongconi

Iingcongconi zikhona kulo lonke ihlabathi, kwaye inyaniso kukuba kukho ngaphezu kwe-3500 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, ukuthetha nawe ngazo zonke kuya kuba yindinisa kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka. Kodwa zinokuhlelwa ngokweentsapho ezininzi kwaye ezi ziya kuba zezi zilandelayo:

• Culicidae. Ziingcongconi zokwenene. Eneneni, ezo zilumayo ziimazi ezitya igazi lezinye izilwanyana, njengabantu). Iinkunzi azityi igazi, kwaye kukho uhlobo apho imazi ingalidliyo nayo. Ngaphakathi kolu sapho kukho i-genera Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Sabethes, Culiseta, Psorophora, Haemagoggus kunye ne-Ochlerotatus, phakathi kwe-39 abayiqambayo (kunye ne-135 eyaziwayo ye-subgenera).
• Ii-Psychodids. Ziingcongconi ezincinci kunezo zangaphambili kwaye zinetyala lokusasaza i-leishmaniasis.
• Iichronomids. Ziyafana ngobukhulu kwii-psychods, kodwa ungadli ngegazi.
• Tipulids. Ziingcongconi ezinkulu (ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-crane flies) ezinokulinganisa i-7,5 centimeters. Kodwa azikho i-hematophagous, oko kukuthi, azidli ngegazi.
• Bibionomorpha. Ziyi-diptera engaqhelekanga kuba ezinye iintlobo zinxulumene neengcongconi ngokwazo.

Iintlobo zeengcongconi eSpain

Kwimeko yaseSpain, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimele zaziwa ukuba zihluke, ngakumbi kwixesha lasehlotyeni, apho zivela khona kakhulu. Zezi:

• ingcongconi eqhelekileyo. Eyaziwa ngokuba yiCulex pipiens, ngumzekelo onokufikelela kwi-8 millimeters ngobukhulu, ngaphandle kokuba neempawu ezahlukileyo.
• Ingcongconi yengwe. Ixhaphakile naseSpeyin. Le Aedes albopictus incinci kuneqhelekileyo, malunga ne-6 millimeters, kwaye inomgca omhlophe embindini wethorax ukuya entloko, kunye nemigca emilenzeni.
• Anopheles mosquito. Ngegama lenzululwazi elithi Anopheles SPP, sisilwanyana esinemigca emnyama emaphikweni aso, kunye nasemilenzeni yaso.

ingcongconi itya ntoni

Ingcongconi sisilwanyana esikutya kwaso kwahluka phakathi kwenkunzi nemazi. I amadoda atya i-nectar, iziqhamo, i-sap... Ngokubhekiselele kubo, iimazi zitya igazi lezinye izilwanyana.

Ngoko ke, indoda nomfazi bahluke ngale ndlela. Ngelixa ibhinqa linemilomo eqinile ngokwaneleyo, kunye neproboscis (i-appendage emide, i-tubular) ukugqobhoza ulusu kunye nokufunxa igazi; kumadoda aswele la malungu.

Xa kufikelelwa ekufumaneni ixhoba layo, ingcongconi eyimazi isebenzisa iimpondo zayo njengezivamvo ukuze ibone zombini ikharbon diokside kunye nelactic acid. Xa zithe zafumana ixhoba lazo, ziyasondela ukuze zibambe ubushushu begazi yaye, xa zinako, zililume ukuze zifumane ukutya. Iingcongconi ezininzi ziyakhawuleza ukwenza oku.

Oku akuthethi ukuba abawasebenzisi amehlo abo, enyanisweni bakwenza oko kuba yimvakalelo ephuhliswe kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iingcongconi zibona kwi-infrared, okuthetha ukuba okukhona unxiba mnyama, kokukhona uya kuba nomdla kubo. Enyanisweni, umbala omnyama okanye ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uya kwenza ukuba ubonakale ngakumbi kubo.

Izifo ezinokusasaza

Ngenxa yokulunywa yingcongconi, nangona uninzi alubeki ingozi ngaphaya kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokungakhululeki kunye nokurhawuzelelwa de kuphele, kukho amaxesha apho iingcongconi zikwazi ukusasaza izifo. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka kuthatyathwe ngenyameko enkulu nezinye iindidi zezilwanyana, njengengcongconi yengwe.

Phakathi kwezifo ezinokusasazwa ziingcongconi zezi:

• Isifo seengcongconi. Ibangelwa ziingcongconi zeAnopheles. Esi sifo sesinye sezizathu zokusweleka kunye nokugula, ukufikelela kwi-200 yezigidi zeemeko kwihlabathi jikelele ngonyaka. Kwiintlobo zeengcongconi ezibangela esi sifo kakhulu yi-Anopheles gambiae kunye ne-Anopheles funestus.
• Umkhuhlane otyheli. Ukusuka kwintsapho yakwa-Aedes, inokubangela le ntsholongwane, kunye nedengue, Zika, Chikungunya okanye efanayo.
• Idengue. Ayinakubangelwa kuphela yingcongconi engentla, kodwa kunye ne-tiger mosquito. Ukongeza, inokuba netyala lokusasaza ezinye izifo ezifana ne-chikungunya fever.
• I-West Nile Fever. Yintoni onokuyenza ngokulunywa yingcongconi yeCulex pippiens, exhaphake kakhulu eYurophu.

Ngasinye kwezi zifo sineempawu ezinokulumkisa ubukho bazo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuluma akubangeli nayiphi na ingozi yempilo.

Ukuzala kweengcongconi

Ukuzala kweengcongconi kube kanye kuphela ebomini bayo. Xa ukudibana kusenzeka, idlozi ligcinwa yimazi kwicandelo lomzimba wayo elibizwa ngokuba yispermatheca. Ngaloo ndlela, unokuyisebenzisa ubomi bakho bonke. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba abantu ababhinqileyo bane-hematophagous, oko kukuthi, bondla igazi kuba bafuna iiprotheyini ezininzi ukufezekisa ukubekwa kwamaqanda amaninzi.

Emva kokuba iluma isilwanyana (okanye umntu), kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2, iyakwazi zizala malunga nama-200-300 amaqanda achumisa ngaxeshanye. Ngaloo ndlela, kwiintsuku ezimalunga nama-45 zobomi (obu bubude obuphilwa yingcongconi), inokubeka amaqanda angaphezu kwe-1.500 XNUMX.

Emva kokuba iqanda libekwe, elenzeka kwindawo enamanzi, lidlula kwizigaba ezine ezahlukeneyo kwixesha eliphakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 kunye ne-15. Ezi zigaba zezi: iqanda, umbungu, i-pupa kunye nengcongconi yabantu abadala.